Recombinant Proteins
Product List
DDX39A Human
DEAD Box Protein 39A Human Recombinant
DDX56 Human
DEAD Box Protein 56 Human Recombinant
Introduction
DEAD box proteins are a family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases characterized by the conserved amino acid sequence Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD) in motif II. These proteins are involved in various aspects of RNA metabolism, including transcription, splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and translation . They belong to the superfamily II (SF2) of helicases and are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
Key Biological Properties: DEAD box proteins are highly conserved and contain nine motifs essential for ATP binding, hydrolysis, and RNA interaction . They exhibit RNA-dependent ATPase activity and ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: DEAD box proteins are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with specific members showing tissue-specific expression patterns. For example, the Vasa protein is predominantly expressed in germ cells .
Primary Biological Functions: DEAD box proteins play crucial roles in RNA metabolism, including nuclear transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, nucleocytoplasmic transport, translation, RNA decay, and organellar gene expression .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: DEAD box proteins are involved in the immune response by recognizing and binding to viral RNA, thereby facilitating the activation of antiviral signaling pathways . They also play a role in the modulation of immune responses to bacterial infections .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: DEAD box proteins interact with various RNA molecules and protein partners to facilitate RNA processing and remodeling . They can act as RNA chaperones, promoting the formation of optimal RNA structures, or as RNPases, mediating RNA-protein association/dissociation .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: DEAD box proteins bind to RNA and ATP, leading to conformational changes that enable the unwinding of RNA duplexes or the displacement of bound proteins . These interactions are crucial for the formation and remodeling of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of DEAD box proteins is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors and signaling pathways .
Post-Translational Modifications: DEAD box proteins undergo post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which modulate their activity, stability, and interactions with other molecules .
Biomedical Research: DEAD box proteins are used as model systems to study RNA metabolism and helicase activity .
Diagnostic Tools: The expression levels of certain DEAD box proteins can serve as biomarkers for various diseases, including cancer .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting DEAD box proteins with small molecules or RNA-based therapies holds potential for treating diseases associated with dysregulated RNA metabolism .
Development to Aging and Disease: DEAD box proteins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from embryonic development to aging . They are involved in processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis . Dysregulation of DEAD box proteins has been linked to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections .
