Recombinant Proteins
Product List
PAX9 Human
Paired Box 9 Human Recombinant
PAX8 Human
Paired Box 8 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Paired box (PAX) genes are a family of genes that encode tissue-specific transcription factors. These genes are characterized by the presence of a conserved DNA-binding domain known as the paired domain, which consists of 128 amino acids . PAX genes are crucial in the regulation of embryonic development and cell differentiation. There are nine PAX genes in humans, named PAX1 to PAX9 . These genes are further classified into four groups based on their structural features and evolutionary relationships:
PAX genes exhibit distinct expression patterns and tissue distribution. They are highly conserved across species, indicating their fundamental role in development . Key biological properties include:
- Expression Patterns: PAX genes are expressed in specific tissues during development. For example, PAX6 is expressed in the eyes and central nervous system, while PAX3 is found in the neural crest and somites .
- Tissue Distribution: PAX genes are distributed in various tissues. PAX1 and PAX9 are primarily found in the vertebral column, PAX2 in the kidneys and optic nerve, and PAX4 in pancreatic islet cells .
PAX genes play essential roles in the development and function of various tissues and organs. They are involved in:
- Embryonic Development: PAX genes regulate the formation of tissues and organs during embryogenesis. For instance, PAX6 is critical for eye development, while PAX3 is involved in muscle and neural development .
- Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Some PAX genes, such as PAX5, are involved in the development of B-cells, which are crucial for the adaptive immune response .
PAX proteins function by binding to specific DNA sequences and regulating the transcription of target genes. They interact with other molecules and cells through:
The expression and activity of PAX genes are tightly regulated through various mechanisms:
- Transcriptional Regulation: PAX gene expression is controlled by promoter regions and enhancers that respond to developmental signals .
- Post-Translational Modifications: PAX proteins undergo modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, which can alter their stability, localization, and activity .
PAX genes have significant applications in biomedical research, diagnostics, and therapeutics:
- Biomedical Research: PAX genes are studied to understand developmental processes and congenital disorders .
- Diagnostic Tools: Mutations in PAX genes are associated with various diseases, making them useful biomarkers for diagnosis .
- Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting PAX gene pathways holds potential for treating cancers and developmental disorders .
PAX genes play crucial roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease:
- Development: PAX genes are essential for the proper formation of tissues and organs during embryogenesis .
- Aging: Changes in PAX gene expression can affect tissue maintenance and regeneration in aging .
- Disease: Mutations or dysregulation of PAX genes are linked to various diseases, including cancers and congenital abnormalities .
