Recombinant Proteins

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ELP4 Human

Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex Subunit 4 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human ELP4 protein, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 447 amino acids (1-424 a.a.). It has a molecular mass of 49 kDa. ELP4 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT1208
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, sterile filtered solution.

ELP5 Human

Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex Subunit 5 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human ELP5 protein produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 339 amino acids (amino acids 1-316) with a molecular mass of 37.2 kDa. The ELP5 protein is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT1276
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, sterile-filtered solution.
Definition and Classification

The Elongator Acetyltransferase Complex, commonly referred to as the Elongator complex, is a highly conserved multi-subunit protein complex found in eukaryotes. It consists of six core subunits: Elp1, Elp2, Elp3, Elp4, Elp5, and Elp6 . The complex is classified under the category of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) due to its ability to acetylate histones and other proteins .

Biological Properties

The Elongator complex is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional elongation, exocytosis, telomeric gene silencing, and DNA damage response . It is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells and shows a high degree of evolutionary conservation . The complex is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm but can also be found in the nucleus, where it interacts with RNA polymerase II .

Biological Functions

The primary biological functions of the Elongator complex include:

  • Transcriptional Elongation: It facilitates the elongation phase of transcription by RNA polymerase II .
  • tRNA Modification: The complex is involved in the modification of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), particularly the wobble uridine modification, which is crucial for accurate and efficient protein translation .
  • Neurodevelopment: It plays a significant role in the development and function of the nervous system .
  • Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: The Elongator complex is implicated in the regulation of genes involved in immune responses and pathogen recognition .
Modes of Action

The Elongator complex interacts with various molecules and cells through several mechanisms:

  • Binding Partners: It forms stable interactions with RNA polymerase II and other transcriptional regulators .
  • Downstream Signaling Cascades: The complex influences downstream signaling pathways by acetylating histones and other proteins, thereby modulating gene expression .
  • tRNA Acetylation: Elp3, the catalytic subunit, acetylates the C5 position of wobble-base uridines in tRNAs, linking acetyl-CoA metabolism to protein synthesis .
Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of the Elongator complex are regulated through various mechanisms:

  • Transcriptional Regulation: The genes encoding the Elongator subunits are regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors .
  • Post-Translational Modifications: The activity of the complex is modulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation .
Applications

The Elongator complex has several applications in biomedical research and therapeutic strategies:

  • Diagnostic Tools: Its role in tRNA modification and gene expression makes it a potential biomarker for certain diseases .
  • Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting the Elongator complex could provide therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative diseases and cancers associated with its dysregulation .
Role in the Life Cycle

The Elongator complex plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease:

  • Development: It is essential for proper neurodevelopment and the regulation of genes involved in cell migration .
  • Aging: The complex’s role in maintaining genome stability and regulating gene expression is vital for healthy aging .
  • Disease: Dysregulation of the Elongator complex is associated with various diseases, including familial dysautonomia and certain cancers .
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