Recombinant Proteins
Product List
PITPNB Human
Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein Beta Human Recombinant
PITPNA Human
Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein Alpha Human Recombinant
Introduction
Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) are a diverse set of cytosolic phospholipid transfer proteins that are distinguished by their ability to transfer phospholipids between membranes in vitro . The human gene encoding PITPNA (Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein Alpha) is located on chromosome 17 . PITPs are classified into four classes based on their structure: Class I (PITPN), Class II (RDGB), Class III (SEC14), and Class IV (ML family) .
PITPN proteins are lipid-binding proteins that transfer molecules of phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylcholine between membrane surfaces . They are expressed in a wide range of tissues, including the brain, liver, and lungs . The protein is localized mainly in the cytosol and vesicles . PITPN proteins show a preference for phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine containing shorter saturated or monosaturated acyl chains .
PITPN proteins play crucial roles in various biological processes, including lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and signal transduction . They are involved in the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) by phosphoinositide-3-kinase, which is essential for cell signaling . PITPN proteins also participate in immune responses and pathogen recognition by binding specific lipids .
PITPN proteins interact with other molecules and cells by binding phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine and transferring them between membranes . They regulate the synthesis of phosphoinositides by delivering the substrate to specific membrane compartments or by potentiating the activities of lipid kinases . PITPN proteins also form complexes with other proteins to promote molecular exchange between closely opposed membranes .
The expression and activity of PITPN proteins are controlled by various regulatory mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . The promoter regions of PITPN genes contain hormone response elements that regulate their expression in response to hormonal signals . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in regulating the activity of PITPN proteins .
PITPN proteins have several applications in biomedical research, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies . They are used as biomarkers for certain diseases, such as retinal degeneration and Brunner syndrome . PITPN antibodies are employed in various scientific applications, including Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and Immunoprecipitation . Additionally, PITPN proteins are being explored as potential targets for therapeutic interventions in lipid-related disorders .
PITPN proteins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . They are involved in the development of the nervous system and the regulation of lipid metabolism . Mutations in PITPN genes can lead to developmental abnormalities and neurological disorders. PITPN proteins also contribute to the maintenance of cellular functions and the prevention of age-related diseases .
