Recombinant Proteins
Product List
SNAP25 Human
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25kda Human Recombinant
SNAP25 Human, His
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25kDa Human Recombinant, His Tag
NAPA Human
N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein, Alpha Human Recombinant
SNAP23 Human
Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 Human Recombinant
SNAP25 C.elegans
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25kDa C.elegans Recombinant
SNAPIN Human
SNAP Associated Protein Human Recombinant
Introduction
Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is a member of the Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) protein family. It is encoded by the SNAP25 gene located on chromosome 20p12.2 in humans . SNAP-25 is a t-SNARE protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis .
Key Biological Properties: SNAP-25 is a component of the SNARE complex, which is essential for the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane . It exists in two isoforms, SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b, which are differentially expressed during development .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: SNAP-25 is predominantly expressed in the nervous system, particularly in the brain. It is highly expressed in regions such as the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar hemisphere, and superior frontal gyrus . The expression pattern changes during development, with SNAP-25a being expressed at the embryonic stage and SNAP-25b becoming the major isoform postnatally .
Primary Biological Functions: SNAP-25 is primarily involved in the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters during synaptic transmission . It mediates the apposition of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane, allowing their Ca²⁺-triggered fusion .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While SNAP-25’s primary role is in neurotransmission, it has also been implicated in various brain diseases, including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder . Its role in immune responses and pathogen recognition is less well-defined but may be linked to its involvement in synaptic plasticity and neuronal signaling .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: SNAP-25 interacts with other SNARE proteins, such as syntaxin-1 and synaptobrevin/VAMP, to form the SNARE complex . This complex is crucial for the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: SNAP-25 binds to various calcium channel subunits, modulating intracellular calcium dynamics . It also interacts with proteins involved in postsynaptic receptor trafficking and spine morphogenesis .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of SNAP-25 is regulated at the transcriptional level, with different isoforms being expressed during different stages of development .
Post-Translational Modifications: SNAP-25 undergoes various post-translational modifications, including palmitoylation, which is essential for its proper targeting and function . These modifications can affect its interaction with other proteins and its role in synaptic transmission .
Biomedical Research: SNAP-25 is widely studied in the context of synaptic transmission and neurological disorders . It serves as a model protein for understanding the mechanisms of neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity .
Diagnostic Tools: SNAP-25 levels in cerebrospinal fluid have been proposed as a biomarker for synaptic damage and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting SNAP-25 and its interactions with other SNARE proteins is being explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for various neurological disorders .
Development: SNAP-25 plays a critical role in the development of the nervous system, particularly in the formation and function of synapses . Its expression pattern changes during development, with different isoforms being expressed at different stages .
Aging and Disease: Alterations in SNAP-25 expression and function have been linked to various neurological disorders, including ADHD, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease . Its role in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release makes it a key player in the aging brain and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases .
