Recombinant Proteins

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MICA Human

MHC Class-I chain related gene A Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human MICA, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 320 amino acids with a molecular mass of 36 kDa. This protein encompasses the complete extracellular domain of mature human MICA (amino acid residues Ala23 – Gln308). The purification of MICA is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11850
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

MICA Human, His

MHC class I chain-related gene A, Human Recombinant His Tag

Recombinant human MICA, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 283 amino acids (24-297aa) and has a molecular mass of 32.7 kDa. The protein includes an 8 amino acid His-tag fused at the C-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11913
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, sterile-filtered solution.

MICB Human

MHC Class-I chain related gene B Human Recombinant

Recombinant human MICB, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 326 amino acids with a molecular weight of 37 kDa. This protein encompasses the extracellular domain of mature human MICB, specifically amino acid residues Ala23 to Tyr312. The purification of MICB is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12014
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.
Definition and Classification

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I chain-related genes, also known as MIC genes, are a group of genes located within the MHC class I region on chromosome 6. These genes encode proteins that are structurally similar to classical MHC class I molecules but differ in their function and expression patterns . The MIC family includes several genes, with MICA and MICB being the most studied and well-characterized .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: MIC proteins do not associate with β2-microglobulin and do not present peptides. Instead, they are stress-induced molecules expressed on the surface of epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells .

Expression Patterns: MIC proteins are not typically found on normal circulating lymphocytes but are upregulated in response to cellular stress, such as infection, heat shock, or transformation .

Tissue Distribution: MIC proteins are primarily expressed in epithelial tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, and on some tumor cells .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of MIC proteins is to act as ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D found on natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and some γδ T cells .

Role in Immune Responses: By binding to NKG2D, MIC proteins play a crucial role in the immune system’s ability to recognize and eliminate stressed, infected, or transformed cells .

Pathogen Recognition: MIC proteins help the immune system detect cells that are under stress due to infection or malignancy, thereby facilitating the immune response against pathogens and tumors .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: MIC proteins interact with the NKG2D receptor on NK cells and certain T cells, leading to the activation of these immune cells .

Binding Partners: The primary binding partner for MIC proteins is the NKG2D receptor .

Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to NKG2D, a signaling cascade is initiated that results in the activation and cytotoxic response of NK cells and T cells, leading to the destruction of the target cell .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of MIC genes is regulated by various stress signals, including heat shock and oxidative stress . Specific transcription factors, such as heat shock factors, bind to the promoter regions of MIC genes to induce their expression .

Post-Translational Modifications: MIC proteins can undergo post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which can affect their stability and function .

Applications

Biomedical Research: MIC proteins are studied for their role in immune surveillance and their potential as biomarkers for stress and disease .

Diagnostic Tools: The expression of MIC proteins can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain types of cancer and other diseases characterized by cellular stress .

Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting the MIC-NKG2D interaction is being explored as a therapeutic strategy for enhancing immune responses against tumors and for treating autoimmune diseases .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: MIC proteins are not typically involved in normal development but are upregulated in response to stress during various stages of life .

Aging: The expression of MIC proteins may increase with age due to the accumulation of cellular stress and damage .

Disease: MIC proteins play a significant role in the immune response to diseases, particularly in the recognition and elimination of tumor cells and cells infected with pathogens .

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