Recombinant Proteins
Product List
NDRG1 Human
N-Myc Downstream Regulated 1 Human Recombinant
NDRG2 Human
N-Myc Downstream Regulated 2 Human Recombinant
NDRG3 Human
N-Myc Downstream Regulated 3 Human Recombinant
Introduction
N-Myc Downstream Regulated Genes (NDRGs) are a family of genes that are regulated by the N-Myc oncogene, a member of the Myc family of transcription factors. The NDRG family consists of four members: NDRG1, NDRG2, NDRG3, and NDRG4 . These genes are characterized by their involvement in various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and stress responses .
Key Biological Properties: NDRGs are intracellular proteins that are induced under various stress and cell growth-regulatory conditions . They are highly conserved among multicellular organisms and are predominantly cytosolic .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: NDRG1 is ubiquitously expressed in tissues in response to cellular stress signals . NDRG2 is principally expressed in astrocytic cells throughout different regions of the brain . NDRG3 and NDRG4 also have distinct expression patterns, with NDRG4 being involved in nervous system development .
Primary Biological Functions: NDRGs play crucial roles in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and growth arrest . They are also involved in tumor progression and metastasis suppression .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: NDRGs are implicated in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in stress responses and cellular differentiation . They also play roles in pathogen recognition through their involvement in cellular stress mechanisms .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: NDRGs interact with various molecules and cells to regulate cellular processes. For example, NDRG1 interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and p53-dependent pathways .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: NDRG proteins form complexes with other proteins to regulate gene expression. For instance, NDRG1 forms complexes with Myc proteins to repress their activity . These interactions lead to downstream signaling cascades that affect cellular differentiation and stress responses .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of NDRGs is regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms . NDRG1, for example, is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors and Myc proteins .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: NDRGs are subject to transcriptional regulation by Myc proteins and other transcription factors . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in regulating the activity of NDRG proteins .
Biomedical Research: NDRGs are valuable in biomedical research due to their roles in cellular differentiation and tumor suppression . They are studied for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer research .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: NDRGs, particularly NDRG1, are explored as diagnostic markers for various cancers . Therapeutic strategies targeting NDRGs are being developed to enhance their tumor-suppressive functions .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: NDRGs play significant roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . During embryogenesis, NDRGs are involved in cellular differentiation and organ development . In adulthood, they continue to regulate cellular stress responses and maintain tissue homeostasis . In diseases such as cancer, NDRGs act as tumor suppressors and are involved in inhibiting metastasis .
