Recombinant Proteins
Product List
ANKRA2 Human
Ankyrin Repeat Family A2 Human Recombinant
ANKRD1 Human
Ankyrin Repeat Domain 1 Human Recombinant
ANKRD54 Human
Ankyrin Repeat Domain 54 Protein Human Recombinant
ASB13 Human
Ankyrin Repeat And SOCS Box Containing 13 Human Recombinant
ASB8 Human
Ankyrin Repeat And SOCS Box Containing 8 Human Recombinant
Introduction
The ankyrin repeat domain is a structural motif in proteins, consisting of 33 amino acids forming two alpha helices separated by loops . These domains are among the most common protein-protein interaction platforms in nature and are found in a wide variety of proteins across eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea . Ankyrin repeat domains typically fold into a linear solenoid structure and are involved in diverse functions such as transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and signal transduction .
Key Biological Properties: Ankyrin repeat domains are characterized by their ability to mediate protein-protein interactions. They are highly conserved and can be found in proteins with various functions .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Ankyrin repeat-containing proteins are ubiquitously expressed in many tissues. For instance, in plants, they play crucial roles in defense responses and development . In humans, they are involved in processes such as cytoskeletal integrity and ion transport .
Primary Biological Functions: Ankyrin repeat domains facilitate protein-protein interactions, which are essential for various cellular processes. They are involved in the formation of transcription complexes, initiation of immune responses, and regulation of cell cycle stages .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Ankyrin repeat proteins play a significant role in immune responses by mediating interactions between immune cells and pathogens .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Ankyrin repeat domains interact with other proteins through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions . These interactions are crucial for their role in signal transduction and cellular communication.
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Ankyrin repeat proteins often bind to membrane proteins and cytoskeletal elements, influencing downstream signaling pathways that regulate cellular functions .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of ankyrin repeat proteins is regulated by tissue-specific and developmental-stage-specific cues . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in modulating their activity and interactions .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Alternative splicing and post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and ubiquitination are key mechanisms that regulate the function and localization of ankyrin repeat proteins .
Biomedical Research: Ankyrin repeat domains are used in the design of synthetic proteins for high-affinity binding applications, offering an alternative to antibodies .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Ankyrin repeat proteins, such as ANKRD1, have potential as cardiac biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosticating heart diseases . They are also being explored for their therapeutic potential in various diseases .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Ankyrin repeat proteins are involved in various stages of the life cycle, from development to aging. They play roles in transcription initiation, cell cycle regulation, and immune responses, which are critical throughout an organism’s life .
From Development to Aging and Disease: Defects in ankyrin repeat proteins have been associated with several human diseases, highlighting their importance in maintaining cellular functions throughout life .
