Recombinant Proteins

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CALR Human

Calreticulin Human Recombinant

Recombinant human CALR protein, expressed in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain that lacks glycosylation. This protein consists of 421 amino acids (residues 18-417) and possesses a molecular weight of 48.7 kDa. A 21 amino acid His-Tag is fused to the N-terminus to facilitate purification, which is achieved using standard chromatography techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3342
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

CALR3 Human

Calreticulin 3 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human CALR3, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 366 amino acids (specifically, amino acids 20 to 384). It has a molecular weight of 43 kDa. The purification of CALR3 is achieved through proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3572
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized through filtration.
Definition and Classification

Calreticulin (CALR), also known as calregulin, CRP55, CaBP3, and endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 60 (ERp60), is a multifunctional protein primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells . It is a soluble protein that binds calcium ions (Ca²⁺) with low affinity but high capacity, playing a crucial role in calcium homeostasis .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Calreticulin is involved in various cellular processes, including protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and immune responses . It acts as a chaperone, ensuring proper protein folding and preventing misfolding .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Calreticulin is widely distributed across different tissues and cellular compartments, including the ER, cytosol, cell surface, and extracellular matrix . Its expression is particularly high in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscles .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Calreticulin’s primary functions include acting as a chaperone in the ER, regulating calcium homeostasis, and modulating immune responses . It assists in the proper folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins and prevents their aggregation .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Calreticulin plays a significant role in immune responses by presenting antigens to T-cells and promoting immunogenic cell death . It is also involved in pathogen recognition and clearance .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Calreticulin interacts with various molecules, including calnexin, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules . It binds to misfolded proteins and ensures their proper folding and assembly .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Calreticulin binds to glycoproteins with terminal glucose residues, targeting them for degradation if misfolded . It also participates in calcium signaling pathways and influences transcriptional pathways during embryonic development .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of calreticulin are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . Transcription factors and signaling pathways modulate its gene expression, while phosphorylation and glycosylation affect its activity .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Calreticulin is extensively studied in biomedical research due to its diverse functions and involvement in various diseases . It serves as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis .

Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Calreticulin is used in diagnostic tools to detect cancer and other diseases . Its therapeutic potential is being explored for treating chronic wounds and enhancing wound healing .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Calreticulin plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . During embryonic development, it influences calcium-dependent transcriptional pathways . In adulthood, it modulates immune responses and cellular stress responses . Dysregulation of calreticulin is associated with various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disorders .

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