Recombinant Proteins

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Product List

PSG5 Human, Sf9

Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 5 Human Recombinant, Sf9

PSG5 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Insect cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 310 amino acids (35-335 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 35.1kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 28-40kDa). PSG5 is expressed with a 6 amino acids His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. 

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT6246
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

PSG1 Human

Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 1 Human Recombinant

PSG1 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 408 amino acids (35-419) and having a molecular mass of 45.9 kDa.
PSG1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT6539
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.

PSG1 Human, Sf9

Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 1 Human Recombinant, Sf9

PSG1 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 394 amino acids (35-419a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 44.6kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 40-57kDa). PSG1 is expressed with a 6 amino acids His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT6730
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

PSG5 Human

Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 5 Human Recombinant

PSG5 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 324 amino acids (35-335) and having a molecular mass of 36.4kDa.
PSG5 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT6833
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein (PSG1) is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily . PSG1 is a highly glycosylated protein predominantly expressed during pregnancy and is encoded by the PSG1 gene located on chromosome 19 . It is one of the most abundant proteins in the maternal bloodstream during the later stages of pregnancy .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: PSG1 is a glycoprotein with seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites across its four domains . It is secreted from trophoblast cells of the human placenta in increasing concentrations as pregnancy progresses .

Expression Patterns: PSG1 expression is primarily observed in the placenta, specifically in the syncytiotrophoblast cells . It is also expressed in other tissues such as the buccal mucosa, testicle, stromal cells of the endometrium, amniotic fluid, gonad, pancreatic ductal cells, secondary oocytes, skin, and lung .

Tissue Distribution: PSG1 is predominantly found in the maternal serum during pregnancy, with its concentration increasing significantly in the third trimester .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: PSG1 plays a crucial role in fetal development and maternal immune modulation . It functions as an immunomodulator to protect the growing fetus by inducing the production of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and maintaining the immunosuppressive function of Tregs .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: PSG1 has been shown to induce transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), which inhibits T-cell function and has proangiogenic properties . It also interacts with galectin-1 (Gal-1), protecting it from oxidative inactivation and competing with other glycoprotein ligands .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: PSG1 binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the latency-associated peptide of TGF-β1, and the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 . These interactions mediate its proangiogenic and immuno-regulatory functions .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: PSG1 activates TGF-β and prevents dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice . It also induces up-regulation of TGFB1 and VEGFA in human monocytes, macrophages, and extravillous trophoblast cell lines .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: PSG1 expression is regulated by the PSG gene family, which includes more than 30 isoforms . The serum concentration of PSGs rapidly increases as pregnancy progresses, reaching approximately 200 μg/mL at term .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: PSG1 undergoes extensive glycosylation, with seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites across its four domains . This glycosylation is essential for its stability and function .

Applications

Biomedical Research: PSG1 is used as a biomarker for pregnancy-related conditions and complications . It is also studied for its immunomodulatory properties and potential therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases and post-transplant complications .

Diagnostic Tools: PSG1 levels in maternal serum are used to monitor pregnancy progression and detect potential complications .

Therapeutic Strategies: PSG1’s immunosuppressive effects make it a potential candidate for therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating immune responses in various conditions .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: PSG1 is primarily expressed during pregnancy, playing a vital role in fetal development and maternal immune modulation . Its expression and function are crucial for maintaining a successful pregnancy and ensuring fetal-maternal tolerance . PSG1’s role in immune modulation may also have implications beyond pregnancy, potentially influencing immune responses in other contexts .

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