Recombinant Proteins
Product List
ISG15 Human
ISG15 Human Recombinant
OTUB1 Human
Ubiquitin Aldehyde Binding 1 Human Recombinant
OTUB2 Human
Ubiquitin Aldehyde Binding 2 Human Recombinant
RPS27A Human
Ubiquitin Human Recombinant
RPS27A Human, Biotin
Ubiquitin Biotinylated Human Recombinant
SUMO1 Human
SUMO1 Human Recombinant
SUMO1 Human His
Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier 1 Human Recombinant, His Tag
SUMO2 Human
Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier 2 Human Recombinant
SUMO3 Human
Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier 3 Human Recombinant
UBD Human
Ubiquitin-D Human Recombinant
Introduction
Ubiquitin is a small regulatory protein, approximately 8.6 kDa in size, found ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells . It consists of 76 amino acids and is highly conserved across species . Ubiquitin is encoded by four genes in the human genome: UBB, UBC, UBA52, and RPS27A . The primary function of ubiquitin is to tag proteins for degradation via the proteasome, a process known as ubiquitination .
Key Biological Properties: Ubiquitin is a globular protein that is highly stable and resistant to denaturation . It can withstand a wide range of pH and temperatures .
Expression Patterns: Ubiquitin is expressed in all eukaryotic cells and is involved in various cellular processes .
Tissue Distribution: Ubiquitin is found in the cell-surface membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of eukaryotic cells .
Primary Biological Functions: The main function of ubiquitin is to label improperly folded, unwanted, or damaged proteins for proteasomal degradation . It also plays a role in altering the cellular location, structural conformation, or biological function of target proteins .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Ubiquitin is involved in the regulation of immune responses and pathogen recognition by modulating the activity of immune-related proteins .
Ubiquitin exerts its effects through a process called ubiquitination, which involves three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation . These steps are performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin ligases (E3s), respectively . Ubiquitin can mark proteins for degradation, alter their cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein interactions .
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of ubiquitin is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level to ensure proper cellular function .
Post-Translational Modifications: Ubiquitin itself can undergo various post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, which can affect its function and interactions with other proteins .
Biomedical Research: Ubiquitin is widely used in biomedical research to study protein degradation, signal transduction, and other cellular processes .
Diagnostic Tools: Ubiquitin-based assays are used to detect and quantify protein ubiquitination in various diseases .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for treating cancer and other diseases .
Ubiquitin plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is essential for maintaining genome integrity and ensuring proper cell cycle progression . Dysregulation of ubiquitin pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer .
