SOX2 Human, PolyR
Description
Molecular Composition and Production
Structure:
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Core protein: Contains 317 amino acids of full-length human SOX2 (residues 1–317), a transcription factor with a conserved HMG (high-mobility group) DNA-binding domain .
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Fusion peptide: A 13-amino acid TAT peptide (PolyR motif: GGYGRKKRRQRRR) appended to the C-terminus .
Production:
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Expression system: Synthesized in Escherichia coli as a non-glycosylated, single-polypeptide chain .
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Purification: Proprietary chromatographic techniques yield >95% purity .
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Formulation: Lyophilized powder (2×PBS, pH 7.4, 5% trehalose) with a molecular mass of 36 kDa .
DNA Binding and Transcriptional Regulation
SOX2 binds to the consensus sequence 5′-(A/T)(A/T)CAA(A/T)G-3′ to regulate genes critical for pluripotency (e.g., NANOG, OCT4) and differentiation . The PolyR tag does not interfere with DNA binding but enhances nuclear localization .
Post-Translational Modifications
Stem Cell Differentiation and Reprogramming
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Mesoderm induction: SOX2 inhibition via synthetic PIPs (e.g., PIP-S1/S2) promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation in hiPSCs by blocking SOX2-DNA interactions .
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Germ cell induction: Knockdown of SOX2 in human pluripotent stem cells enhances primordial germ cell-like cell (PGCLC) formation by 5-fold .
Cancer Biology
Retinal Development
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SOX2 maintains Müller stem cell progenicity; its silencing triggers apoptosis and neuronal differentiation in vitro .
Mechanistic Insights
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AKT-SOX2 feedback loop: Elevated SOX2 increases AKT phosphorylation, which represses SOX2 transcription via FoxO1 cytoplasmic sequestration .
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Structural specificity: Extended polyamide PIP-S2 inhibits SOX2-DNA binding 70% more effectively than PIP-S1 at equimolar concentrations .
Therapeutic Potential
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Cancer: SOX2 depletion in osteosarcoma models delays tumor onset and reduces frequency .
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Reprogramming: TAT-SOX2 fusion proteins improve iPSC generation efficiency by enhancing nuclear delivery .
Comparative Analysis of SOX2 Constructs
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
SRY (Sex Determining Region Y)-Box 2, commonly known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in maintaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells . The recombinant version of this protein, tagged with polyarginine, is used in various research and biotechnological applications to enhance its solubility and facilitate its purification.
SOX2 is a member of the SOX family of transcription factors, which are characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the High-Mobility Group (HMG) box . This protein is essential for the maintenance of embryonic and neural stem cells and plays a significant role in the regulation of genes involved in pluripotency and cell fate determination .
In the context of stem cell research, SOX2, along with other factors like Oct4 and Nanog, forms a core regulatory network that maintains the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells . This makes SOX2 a critical component in studies related to regenerative medicine and induced pluripotency.
The polyarginine tag, often referred to as the Arg-tag, is a short peptide sequence consisting of multiple arginine residues . This tag is commonly used in recombinant protein technology to enhance the solubility and facilitate the purification of the target protein . The polyarginine tag can improve the overall yield and purity of the recombinant protein, making it a valuable tool in protein expression and purification processes .
The human recombinant version of SOX2 tagged with polyarginine combines the functional importance of SOX2 with the practical benefits of the polyarginine tag. This fusion protein is produced using recombinant DNA technology, where the gene encoding SOX2 is cloned into an expression vector along with the polyarginine tag sequence. The resulting construct is then expressed in a suitable host system, such as E. coli, to produce the recombinant protein .
The polyarginine tag aids in the purification of the recombinant SOX2 protein through techniques like cation-exchange chromatography, where the positively charged arginine residues interact with the negatively charged resin, allowing for efficient separation and purification . Additionally, the tag can be removed if necessary, using specific proteases like carboxypeptidase B, to obtain the native form of the protein .
The recombinant SOX2 protein tagged with polyarginine has numerous applications in biomedical research. It is used in studies related to stem cell biology, regenerative medicine, and developmental biology. The ability to produce high-purity SOX2 protein facilitates detailed biochemical and structural studies, which are essential for understanding its function and regulatory mechanisms.
Moreover, the use of recombinant SOX2 in combination with other pluripotency factors has been instrumental in the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which hold great promise for therapeutic applications . The polyarginine tag further enhances the utility of recombinant SOX2 by simplifying its production and purification, thereby accelerating research progress.
