Vimentin Antibody
Description
Clinical Significance in Autoimmune Diseases
Anti-vimentin antibodies correlate with disease severity and progression in rheumatic disorders:
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Sjögren’s Disease (SjD): 24% of primary SjD patients show anti-vimentin antibodies, linked to reduced saliva/tear flow and severe ocular damage .
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): IgG antibodies against acetylated, citrullinated, or carbamylated vimentin are elevated in 30–40% of early RA patients, aiding diagnosis .
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Vimentin antibodies contribute to glomerulonephritis via cross-reactivity with renal proteins .
Therapeutic Applications in Oncology
Targeting extracellular vimentin shows promise in cancer immunotherapy:
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Anti-Angiogenic Effects: Antibodies against secreted vimentin reduce tumor vessel density by 50% in melanoma models and impair vascular integrity .
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Immune Activation: Anti-vimentin therapy increases ICAM1 expression on endothelial cells, enhancing leukocyte infiltration and suppressing PD-L1 .
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Diagnostic Targeting: The 7C11-D9 antibody detects CSV on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) in glioblastoma, breast, and colon cancers .
Research and Diagnostic Tools
Vimentin antibodies are validated in multiple experimental systems:
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Flow Cytometry: 7C11-D9 antibody identifies CSV in 85% of tested cancer cell lines (e.g., MDA-MB-231, HepG2) but not in healthy PBMCs .
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Antibodies like ab137321 localize vimentin in formalin-fixed tissues, distinguishing mesenchymal vs. epithelial phenotypes .
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Western Blot: Detects vimentin at 53–57 kDa in lysates from glioblastoma (A172), fibrosarcoma (HT-1080), and others .
Mechanisms in Pathogen Interactions
Vimentin antibodies modulate host-pathogen dynamics:
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Bacterial Uptake: Listeria monocytogenes exploits surface vimentin for host cell invasion; antibodies block this interaction .
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Viral Evasion: SARS-CoV-2 binds vimentin to suppress IFN-I responses; targeting vimentin restores antiviral signaling .
Challenges and Future Directions
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Specificity: Cross-reactivity with other intermediate filaments (e.g., desmin) requires epitope refinement .
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Therapeutic Delivery: Conjugating antibodies with chemotherapeutics (e.g., doxorubicin) improves tumor targeting in preclinical models .
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Biomarker Validation: Large-scale studies are needed to confirm anti-vimentin antibodies as prognostic markers in SjD and RA .
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Vimentin is a type of intermediate filament protein that is predominantly expressed in mesenchymal cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cell integrity, stabilizing cytoskeletal interactions, and supporting cellular processes such as migration and signaling. The mouse anti-human vimentin antibody is a monoclonal antibody specifically designed to detect human vimentin in various research applications.
Vimentin is a 57 kDa protein that forms part of the cytoskeleton, which also includes microfilaments and microtubules. It is involved in maintaining cell shape, integrity, and stability. Vimentin filaments are dynamic structures that undergo rapid reorganization in response to cellular signals, aiding in processes such as wound healing, cell migration, and division .
Vimentin is expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and certain types of immune cells. During embryonic development, vimentin is one of the first intermediate filaments to be expressed, playing a pivotal role in the differentiation and migration of cells. In adult tissues, vimentin expression is often associated with cells that have high plasticity and regenerative capacity .
Vimentin is a marker for mesenchymal cells and is used in research to identify and study these cells in various tissues. Its expression is also examined in the context of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process implicated in cancer metastasis. Vimentin is often upregulated in metastatic cancer cells, making it a valuable marker for studying cancer progression and metastasis .
The mouse anti-human vimentin antibody is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to human vimentin. It is produced by immunizing mice with purified human vimentin protein, resulting in the generation of a highly specific antibody. This antibody is widely used in research applications such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry .
- Western Blotting: The mouse anti-human vimentin antibody is used to detect vimentin protein levels in cell and tissue lysates. It provides a reliable tool for studying vimentin expression and its regulation under various experimental conditions.
- Immunohistochemistry: This antibody is used to visualize vimentin expression in tissue sections, allowing researchers to study the distribution and localization of vimentin in different tissues and under different pathological conditions.
- Immunocytochemistry: The antibody is used to stain cultured cells, enabling the study of vimentin organization and dynamics within cells.
- Flow Cytometry: The mouse anti-human vimentin antibody can be used to analyze vimentin expression in cell populations, providing insights into the role of vimentin in various cellular processes .
