Product List
D8L Antibody
The D8L polyclonal antibody is generated through immunization of rabbits with recombinant Vaccinia virus Cell surface-binding protein (amino acids 1-304), serving as the immunogen. Subsequent antibody production against the Vaccinia virus D8L protein is followed by purification from rabbit serum using protein G chromatography. The antibody exhibits a purity level exceeding 95%. This purified rabbit anti-Vaccinia virus D8L polyclonal antibody demonstrates high specificity towards Vaccinia virus D8L and possesses a strong affinity for the antigen. This D8L antibody is suitable for applications in ELISA and Western blotting.
The Vaccinia virus cell surface-binding protein D8L primarily functions in shielding the virus from the host's immune system by inhibiting complement-mediated lysis and modulating the host's inflammatory response. D8L effectively reduces the host's inflammatory response, facilitating viral evasion of immune detection. This is achieved through binding and inactivation of complement component C3b, along with inhibiting the activity of chemokines responsible for recruiting immune cells.
NUPR1 Antibody
The CSB-PA527662LA01HU antibody is a polyclonal antibody specifically targeting the NUPR1 protein. This antibody is generated in rabbits immunized with a partial recombinant protein encompassing amino acids 2-64 of the human NUPR1 protein. It is available as an unconjugated IgG isoform, exhibiting reactivity solely with human NUPR1 protein. The antibody has undergone rigorous protein G purification, achieving a purity exceeding 95%. Comprehensive and stringent validations have confirmed its ability to recognize NUPR1 protein in ELISA, IHC, and IF applications.
NUPR1, the target protein, plays a critical role in regulating gene expression in response to cellular stress and external signals. It modulates various biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and the stress response. NUPR1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Introduction
Polyclonal antibodies are a diverse group of antibodies produced by different B cell clones in the body. They recognize and bind to multiple epitopes on a single antigen. Unlike monoclonal antibodies, which are derived from a single B cell clone and recognize a single epitope, polyclonal antibodies are heterogeneous and can target various sites on an antigen. They are classified based on their source (e.g., rabbit, goat, mouse) and the type of antigen they target (e.g., proteins, peptides, small molecules).
Key Biological Properties: Polyclonal antibodies are characterized by their ability to recognize multiple epitopes, which enhances their binding strength and specificity. They are typically produced in response to an antigenic stimulus and can be found in the serum of immunized animals.
Expression Patterns: Polyclonal antibodies are produced by B cells in response to antigen exposure. The expression patterns depend on the immunization protocol and the animal species used.
Tissue Distribution: These antibodies are primarily found in the blood serum but can also be present in other body fluids and tissues, depending on the immune response and the distribution of the antigen.
Primary Biological Functions: Polyclonal antibodies play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and neutralizing pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. They facilitate the clearance of antigens through various immune mechanisms, including opsonization, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
Role in Immune Responses: Polyclonal antibodies are essential for the adaptive immune response. They provide a broad and robust defense against pathogens by targeting multiple epitopes, which reduces the likelihood of immune evasion by the pathogen.
Pathogen Recognition: These antibodies recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Polyclonal antibodies interact with various immune cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells, to mediate immune responses. They can also bind to Fc receptors on immune cells, enhancing phagocytosis and cytotoxicity.
Binding Partners: The primary binding partners of polyclonal antibodies are antigens, which can be proteins, peptides, or other molecules. They can also interact with complement proteins and Fc receptors.
Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to their target antigens, polyclonal antibodies can trigger downstream signaling cascades that lead to the activation of immune responses. This includes the activation of the complement system, which enhances opsonization and lysis of pathogens.
Expression and Activity Control: The production and activity of polyclonal antibodies are regulated by various factors, including the nature of the antigen, the immunization protocol, and the host’s immune system.
Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of polyclonal antibodies is controlled at the transcriptional level by cytokines and other signaling molecules that influence B cell activation and differentiation.
Post-Translational Modifications: Polyclonal antibodies can undergo post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which can affect their stability, binding affinity, and effector functions.
Biomedical Research: Polyclonal antibodies are widely used in research for detecting and quantifying proteins, studying protein-protein interactions, and investigating cellular pathways.
Diagnostic Tools: They are used in various diagnostic assays, such as ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, to detect the presence of specific antigens in samples.
Therapeutic Strategies: Polyclonal antibodies are used in therapeutic applications, such as antivenoms, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and passive immunization against infectious diseases.
Development: Polyclonal antibodies are produced throughout an individual’s life in response to antigen exposure. They play a critical role in the development of the immune system by providing protection against pathogens.
Aging: As individuals age, the production and diversity of polyclonal antibodies may decline, leading to a reduced ability to respond to new antigens and an increased susceptibility to infections.
Disease: Polyclonal antibodies are involved in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, where they may target self-antigens, and infectious diseases, where they provide protection against pathogens.
