Product List

Bivalirudin

Bivalirudin

The active of Bivalirudin substance is a synthetic 20 amino acid peptide. The amino acid sequence is Phe-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly- Asn-Gly-Asp-Phe-Glu-Glu-Ile- Pro-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Leu. The Mw is 2180 dalton.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT28850
Source
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Eptifibatide Human

Eptifibatide Human

Synthetic Eptifibatide is a 6 amino acid peptide having a MW of 832.5 Dalton the following sequence Mpr-Har-Gly-Asp-Trp-Pro-Cys-NH2.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT28948
Source
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

Anti-coagulation factors are substances or drugs that inhibit blood coagulation, preventing the formation of abnormal blood clots. They are commonly known as blood thinners and are used to treat or prevent conditions associated with abnormal blood clot formation, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), atrial fibrillation, and certain cardiovascular disorders .

Classification:

  • Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs): Inhibit the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (e.g., Warfarin).
  • Direct Oral Anti-Coagulants (DOACs): Target specific clotting factors (e.g., Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Edoxaban).
  • Heparins: Enhance the activity of antithrombin, inhibiting factors IIa and Xa (e.g., Unfractionated heparin, Low molecular weight heparins like enoxaparin and dalteparin) .
Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties:

  • Expression Patterns: Anti-coagulation factors are expressed in various tissues, including the liver, where many clotting factors are synthesized.
  • Tissue Distribution: They are distributed throughout the bloodstream and act at sites of vascular injury to prevent excessive clot formation .
Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions:

  • Preventing Thrombosis: Anti-coagulation factors prevent the formation of blood clots in veins and arteries.
  • Role in Immune Responses: They help modulate immune responses by preventing excessive clot formation that can lead to inflammation and tissue damage .
  • Pathogen Recognition: Some anti-coagulation factors, like heparin, have been shown to interact with pathogens, potentially inhibiting their ability to cause disease .
Modes of Action

Mechanisms:

  • Interaction with Molecules and Cells: Anti-coagulation factors interact with various molecules and cells in the coagulation cascade.
  • Binding Partners: For example, heparins enhance the activity of antithrombin, leading to the inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa .
  • Downstream Signaling Cascades: These interactions prevent the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, thereby impeding clot formation .
Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulation:

  • Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of anti-coagulation factors is regulated at the genetic level, with various transcription factors influencing their production.
  • Post-Translational Modifications: Modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation can affect the activity and stability of these factors .
Applications

Biomedical Research: Anti-coagulation factors are used to study blood clotting mechanisms and develop new therapeutic strategies. Diagnostic Tools: They are used in diagnostic assays to measure clotting times and assess bleeding disorders. Therapeutic Strategies: Anti-coagulation therapy is crucial in managing conditions like atrial fibrillation, DVT, and PE .

Role in the Life Cycle

Throughout the Life Cycle:

  • Development: Anti-coagulation factors are essential during development to prevent abnormal clot formation.
  • Aging: Their role becomes increasingly important with age as the risk of thrombotic events increases.
  • Disease: In conditions like cardiovascular disease, anti-coagulation therapy is vital to prevent complications such as stroke and heart attack .
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