Product List

GMF B Rat

Glia Maturation Factor Beta Rat Recombinant

Glia Maturation Factor-Beta (GMF-Beta) Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a signle, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 141 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 16.6kDa.
GMF-Beta is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8836
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

GMFB His Human

Glia Maturation Factor Beta Human His Tag Recombinant

GMFB Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a signle, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 162 amino acids (1-142 a.a.)and having a total molecular mass of 18.8 kDa.
GMGB is fused to a 20 amino acid His Tag at N-terminus and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8893
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless clear solution.

GMFB Human

Glia Maturation Factor Beta Human Recombinant

Glia Maturation Factor-Beta (GMF-Beta) Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a signle, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 141 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 16.5 kDa.
Glia Maturation Factor-Beta, GMF-Beta, Human Recombinant is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8965
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

GMFB Mouse

Glia Maturation Factor Beta Mouse Recombinant

Glia Maturation Factor-Beta (GMF-Beta) Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a signle, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 141 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 16.6kDa.
GMF-Beta, Mouse Recombinant is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9052
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

GMFG Human

Glia Maturation Factor Gamma Human Recombinant

Glia Maturation Factor-Gamma (GMF-Gamma) Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a signle, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 142 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 16.8 kDa.
Glia Maturation Factor-Gamma, GMF-Gamma, Human Recombinant is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9150
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless clear solution.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

Glia Maturation Factor (GMF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in the development of the nervous system, angiogenesis, and immune function. In humans, GMF exists in two isoforms: GMF-beta (GMFB) and GMF-gamma (GMFG), encoded by the GMFB and GMFG genes, respectively .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: GMF is a 141 amino acid, multifunctional protein highly conserved across species, showing 99% homology between humans and rodents . It is predominantly an intracellular protein localized mainly in astrocytes but also found in some neuronal populations .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: GMF is primarily expressed in the brain, particularly in astrocytes, but is also present in other tissues such as the colon, thymus, and kidney . It possesses consensus phosphorylation sites and is rapidly phosphorylated in astrocytes upon stimulation .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: GMF plays a crucial role in brain cell differentiation, neural regeneration, and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation . It is involved in the activation of p38 MAP kinase, which is essential for stress-related signal transduction .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: GMF overexpression in astrocytes promotes the production of cytokines like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which activates microglia, the antigen-presenting cells in the nervous system .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: GMF interacts with various molecules and cells through phosphorylation and activation of signaling pathways. For instance, PKA-phosphorylated GMF enhances the activity of p38 MAP kinase .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: GMF overexpression stimulates p38 MAP kinase activity and activates the redox enzyme CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) . This leads to the induction and secretion of neurotrophins like nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: GMF expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including blood flow and Notch signaling .

Post-Translational Modifications: GMF undergoes phosphorylation, which is crucial for its activation and function . Additionally, GMF interacts with mitochondrial membrane ATPase ATAD3A, influencing mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production .

Applications

Biomedical Research: GMF is a valuable tool in studying neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. It has been found to be upregulated in several neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, making it a potential therapeutic target .

Diagnostic Tools: GMF can serve as a biomarker for various neurological disorders due to its involvement in brain function and immune responses .

Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting GMF may offer new therapeutic approaches for treating neurodegenerative diseases and conditions involving neuroinflammation .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: GMF is essential for the development of the nervous system, particularly in neuronal survival and differentiation .

Aging and Disease: GMF plays a role in the aging process and is implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s . Its involvement in immune activation and stress-related signal transduction makes it a critical factor in maintaining brain health throughout life .

© Copyright 2024 Thebiotek. All Rights Reserved.