NNT1 Human

Neurotrophin-1 Human Recombinant

This product consists of the recombinant human Neurotrophin-1 (amino acids 28-225) expressed in E. coli. It is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 199 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 22 kDa. The purification process involves proprietary chromatographic techniques to ensure high purity.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10969
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

NT 3 Human

Neurotrophin-3 Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human Neurotrophin-3 is a non-glycosylated homodimer protein expressed in E. coli. It consists of two identical polypeptide chains, each containing 119 amino acids, with a total molecular weight of 27.2 kDa. The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques to ensure high purity and homogeneity.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11079
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile, white, lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

NT 3 Mouse

Neurotrophin-3 Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant Mouse Neurotrophin-3, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 119 amino acids. With a molecular weight of 13.6 kDa, this purified protein is obtained through proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11190
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

NT 4 Human

Neurotrophin-4 Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human Neurotrophin-4, produced in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated homodimer. Each polypeptide chain comprises 130 amino acids (residues 81-210), resulting in a total molecular weight of 28 kDa. Purification is achieved using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT11240
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
White, sterile-filtered powder, freeze-dried.
Definition and Classification

Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a family of biomolecules, primarily peptides or small proteins, that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of both developing and mature neurons . They are crucial for the maintenance and function of the nervous system. Neurotrophic factors are classified into three main families:

  • Neurotrophins: This includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4).
  • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs): This family includes GDNF, neurturin, artemin, and persephin.
  • Neuropoietic cytokines: This group includes ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) .
Biological Properties

Neurotrophic factors exhibit several key biological properties:

  • Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: NTFs are expressed in various tissues, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. For example, NGF is highly expressed in the hippocampus .
  • Key Biological Properties: They promote neuronal survival, induce synaptic plasticity, and modulate the formation of long-term memories . They also support neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation .
Biological Functions

Neurotrophic factors play several primary biological functions:

  • Neuronal Survival and Differentiation: They ensure the survival of neurons during development and maintain neuronal function in adulthood .
  • Synaptic Plasticity: NTFs regulate synaptic function and plasticity, which are essential for learning and memory .
  • Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While their primary role is in the nervous system, some NTFs also have roles in immune responses and pathogen recognition .
Modes of Action

Neurotrophic factors exert their effects through various mechanisms:

  • Binding Partners: They bind to specific receptors on the surface of neurons, such as the tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) .
  • Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to their receptors, NTFs activate several signaling pathways, including the Ras, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) pathways .
Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of neurotrophic factors are tightly regulated:

  • Transcriptional Regulation: Multiple promoters control the transcription of NTF genes, leading to tissue-specific and activity-dependent expression .
  • Post-Translational Modifications: NTFs undergo various post-translational modifications that affect their stability, localization, and activity .
Applications

Neurotrophic factors have several applications in biomedical research and therapy:

  • Biomedical Research: They are used to study neuronal development, function, and regeneration .
  • Diagnostic Tools: NTF levels can serve as biomarkers for certain neurological conditions .
  • Therapeutic Strategies: NTFs are being explored as potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s .
Role in the Life Cycle

Neurotrophic factors play crucial roles throughout the life cycle:

  • Development: They are essential for the growth and differentiation of neurons during embryonic development .
  • Adulthood: NTFs maintain neuronal function and plasticity in the adult brain .
  • Aging and Disease: Changes in NTF levels are associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases .
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