GCGR Human

Glucagon Receptor Human Recombinant

Recombinant human GCGR, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain encompassing amino acids 29-142. It consists of 125 amino acids, including an 8-amino acid C-terminal His tag. The calculated molecular mass is 19.9 kDa.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13972
Source

E. coli

Appearance
White lyophilized powder, filtered for clarity.

Glucagon

Glucagon Human

Synthetic Human Glucagon is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 29 amino acids. It possesses a molecular mass of 3483 Daltons and is represented by the molecular formula C153H225N43O49S. The purification of Glucagon is achieved through specialized chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14331
Appearance
The product appears as a sterile, white powder obtained through freeze-drying.

Glucagon Human

Glucagon Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human Glucagon, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 29 amino acids. With a molecular weight of 3483 Daltons, it is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14415
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Glucagon Human, His

Glucagon Human Recombinant, His Tag

Recombinant Human Glucagon, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 112 amino acids (90-180 a.a.), with a molecular weight of 12.8 kDa. This glucagon variant includes a 21 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14536
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism by raising the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream. Glucagon is classified as a member of the secretin family of hormones .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 3485 daltons . It is synthesized from the preproglucagon gene (GCG) and undergoes post-translational modifications to become biologically active .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Glucagon is primarily produced in the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas . It is also produced in the stomach and, to a lesser extent, in the gut . The hormone is secreted in response to low blood glucose levels, prolonged fasting, exercise, and protein-rich meals .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Glucagon’s main function is to increase blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen to glucose) and gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) in the liver . It also inhibits glycogenesis (the formation of glycogen from glucose) and promotes lipolysis (the breakdown of fats) in adipose tissue .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: While glucagon’s primary role is in glucose metabolism, it indirectly supports immune function by ensuring adequate energy supply during immune responses .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Glucagon binds to specific glucagon receptors on the cell membrane, which are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) . This binding activates adenylate cyclase, increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The increase in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates and activates various enzymes involved in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis . This cascade ensures the rapid mobilization of glucose into the bloodstream .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Control of Expression and Activity: Glucagon secretion is tightly regulated by blood glucose levels. Low glucose levels stimulate glucagon release, while high glucose levels inhibit it .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The preproglucagon gene undergoes transcriptional regulation to produce proglucagon, which is then cleaved by proprotein convertase 2 to form active glucagon . Post-translational modifications, such as cleavage, are essential for its activation .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Glucagon is used in research to study metabolic pathways and glucose homeostasis .

Diagnostic Tools: Synthetic glucagon is used in diagnostic tests to assess pancreatic function and in radiologic exams to inhibit gastrointestinal motility .

Therapeutic Strategies: Glucagon injections are used to treat severe hypoglycemia in diabetic patients . It is also being explored for its potential in weight management and metabolic disorders .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development to Aging and Disease: Glucagon plays a vital role throughout life by maintaining glucose homeostasis. During development, it ensures adequate energy supply for growth. In aging, its dysregulation can contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes .

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