ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone has a molecular formula of C136H210N40O31S and a molecular weight of 2933.5 Da.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT15430
Appearance
Sterile white lyophilized powder.

GHRL Protein

Ghrelin Human

Human Ghrelin, comprising 28 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 3370.9 Daltons and a molecular formula of C₁₄₉H₂₄₉N₄₇O₄₂. The purification of GHRL is achieved through specialized chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT16219
Appearance
Sterile Filtered Yellowish lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder, potentially exhibiting a gel-like consistency.

Goserelin

Goserelin

Goserelin is a decapeptide, meaning it consists of ten amino acids. Its amino acid sequence is: Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ser(tBu)-Leu-Arg-Pro-AzGly-NH2. The molecular weight of Goserelin is 1269.43 Daltons.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT16264
Appearance
Goserelin is supplied as a sterile, white powder that has been lyophilized (freeze-dried).

Hexarelin

Hexarelin

Hexarelin is a peptide composed of 7 amino acids with the sequence H-His-D-2-Methyl-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2. It has a molecular weight of 887 Daltons and a molecular formula of C47H58N12O6.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT16344
Appearance
Sterile white powder obtained by lyophilization (freeze-drying).

Histrelin

Histrelin

Histrelin, with a molecular weight of 1323.32 Daltons, is characterized by a molecular formula of C66H86N18O12 and an amino acid sequence of Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-His(Bzl)-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT16435
Appearance
When freeze-dried, Histrelin presents as a sterile, white powder.

Atosiban

Atosiban

Atosiban, also known as Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), has a molecular formula of C₄₃H₆₇N₁₁O₁₂S₂ and a molecular weight of 994.2 Daltons. Its chemical structure is 3-Mercaptopropionyl-D-Tyr(ET)-Ile-Thr-Asn-Cys-Pro-Orn-Gly-NH₂.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT15672
Appearance
White, sterile-filtered lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Buserelin

Buserelin

Buserelin is a peptide composed of 9 amino acids: Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ser(tBu)-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt. It has a molecular weight of 1239.44 Daltons.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT15763
Appearance
Sterile, white, lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Cetrorelix

Cetrorelix

Cetrorelix acetate is a synthetic decapeptide that acts as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. It is structurally similar to GnRH but contains amino acid substitutions at positions 1, 2, 3, 6, and 10. Its molecular formula is C₇₀H₉₂CIN₁₇O₁₄ (Ac-D-Nal1-D-Cpa2-D-Pal3-Ser4-Tyr5- D-Cit6-Leu7-Arg8-Pro9-D -Ala10-NH₂), and its molecular weight is 1431 Daltons (calculated as the anhydrous free base).
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT15826
Appearance
White, sterile-filtered, lyophilized powder.

DDAVP

Desmopressin

Desmopressin, also known as Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), has the molecular formula C46H64N14O12S2 and the structure Mpr-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-D-Arg-Gly-NH2. It has a molecular weight of 1069.23 Daltons.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT15909
Appearance
Desmopressin appears as a sterile, white powder that has been lyophilized (freeze-dried).

Deslorelin

Deslorelin

Deslorelin, a potent LHRH/GnRH agonist, is characterized by a molecular formula of C64H83N17O12, with a peptide sequence of pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHC2H5. It has a molecular weight of 1284.4 Daltons.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT15979
Appearance
Upon lyophilization, Deslorelin presents as a sterile, white, and finely textured powder.
Definition and Classification

Peptide hormones are a class of hormones whose molecules are peptides, consisting of short chains of amino acids. They are synthesized in cells from amino acids according to mRNA transcripts, which are synthesized from DNA templates inside the cell nucleus . Peptide hormones can be classified into various types based on their structure and function, including insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and oxytocin .

Biological Properties

Peptide hormones exhibit several key biological properties:

  • Expression Patterns: They are synthesized in various organs such as the pancreas, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland .
  • Tissue Distribution: Peptide hormones are distributed throughout the body and can be found in insects, all vertebrates, and many other creatures .
  • Key Biological Properties: They have a short half-life, meaning they break apart quickly, allowing organisms to use them to direct processes efficiently .
Biological Functions

Peptide hormones play crucial roles in various biological functions:

  • Primary Biological Functions: They regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction . For example, insulin regulates blood glucose levels, while growth hormone stimulates growth and cell reproduction .
  • Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Peptide hormones are involved in immune responses and pathogen recognition by interacting with immune cells and modulating their activity .
Modes of Action

Peptide hormones interact with other molecules and cells through specific mechanisms:

  • Binding Partners: They bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells .
  • Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to their receptors, peptide hormones trigger intracellular signaling pathways that lead to various cellular responses . For example, the binding of insulin to its receptor activates a signaling cascade that promotes glucose uptake by cells .
Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of peptide hormones are controlled by various regulatory mechanisms:

  • Transcriptional Regulation: The synthesis of peptide hormones involves gene transcription into precursor nuclear RNA, followed by post-transcriptional modifications .
  • Post-Translational Modifications: Peptide hormones undergo post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which are essential for their proper function . Additionally, the regulation of peptide hormones involves releasing factors and secretagogues, primarily through interactions between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland .
Applications

Peptide hormones have numerous applications in biomedical research, diagnostics, and therapeutics:

  • Biomedical Research: They are used to study cellular communication and hormone regulation .
  • Diagnostic Tools: Peptide hormones serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis .
  • Therapeutic Strategies: Peptide hormones are utilized in treatments for conditions such as diabetes (insulin therapy) and growth deficiencies (growth hormone therapy) .
Role in the Life Cycle

Peptide hormones play vital roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease:

  • Development: They are essential for growth and development, regulating processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation .
  • Aging and Disease: Peptide hormones continue to influence physiological processes in adulthood and are involved in the regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and immune function . Dysregulation of peptide hormones can lead to various diseases, including diabetes and growth disorders .
© Copyright 2024 Thebiotek. All Rights Reserved.