GLP 1 Human

Human Glucagon Like Peptide-1

Glucagon Like Peptide-1, a crucial hormone for blood sugar control, is available in a highly purified form. It consists of a single chain of 30 amino acids with a molecular weight of 3297.7 Daltons. Our GLP-1 undergoes rigorous purification using advanced chromatographic methods to ensure its high quality and efficacy.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13603
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

GLP 2 Human

Human GLP-2

GLP-2 comprises 34 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 3922.38 Daltons.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13707
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

GLP-1 Human (31 a.a.)

Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (31 a.a.) Human Recombinant

This product consists of the active fragment (31 amino acids) of human GLP-1, produced through recombinant technology in E. coli bacteria. It is a non-glycosylated polypeptide with a molecular weight of 3298.7 Daltons. The GLP-1 is purified using specialized chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13786
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

GLP1R Human

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Receptor Human Recombinant

This product consists of the GLP1R protein from humans, produced in E. coli bacteria. It is a single chain of 132 amino acids, including a 10 amino acid tag, and has a molecular weight of 15.55 kDa. This protein is not glycosylated.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13916
Source

Escherichia Coli.

Appearance
White powder, dried by freezing and removing water.
Definition and Classification

Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is a set of principles intended to ensure the quality and integrity of non-clinical laboratory studies. These principles cover the organizational process and the conditions under which studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded, reported, and archived . GLP is classified into various guidelines and regulations, such as the OECD Principles of GLP and the FDA’s GLP regulations (21 CFR Part 58) .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) is a 30- or 31-amino-acid-long peptide hormone derived from the tissue-specific posttranslational processing of the proglucagon peptide .

Expression Patterns: GLP-1 is produced and secreted by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and certain neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem upon food consumption .

Tissue Distribution: The majority of GLP-1-producing L-cells are located in the distal ileum and colon .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: GLP-1 plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner . It also has regulatory and protective effects, such as reducing neuroinflammation, promoting nerve growth, and improving heart function .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: GLP-1 has been associated with various regulatory and protective effects, including reducing oxidative stress in vascular tissues and protecting pancreatic β-cells .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: GLP-1 acts through hormonal and neural pathways to regulate islet function, satiety, and gut motility . It binds to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is widely expressed in multiple regions of the rodent and human brain .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: GLP-1 potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion by binding to its receptor on pancreatic β-cells, activating downstream signaling pathways that enhance insulin secretion .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: GLP-1 production is regulated by mechanical stimuli caused by chyme in the gut, involving the mechanogated ion channel Piezo1 .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The proglucagon gene is expressed in several organs, including the pancreas, gut, and brain. Tissue-specific posttranslational processing mechanisms produce different peptides in different cells .

Applications

Biomedical Research: GLP-1 and its receptor agonists are extensively studied for their role in glucose homeostasis and potential therapeutic applications in diabetes and obesity .

Diagnostic Tools: GLP-1 levels can be measured to assess glucose tolerance and insulin secretion capacity .

Therapeutic Strategies: GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors have been developed to increase GLP-1 activity, offering benefits such as weight loss and a lower risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: GLP-1 plays a significant role in regulating glucose levels throughout life. Its production and activity are crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis from development to aging . GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown potential in treating age-related metabolic disorders and improving overall metabolic health .

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