STC 1 Human

Stanniocalcin-1 Human Recombinant

Human Stanniocalcin-1, a glycosylated protein, is produced in a 293 cell line. It consists of a single polypeptide chain with 240 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 25.9 kDa. For identification purposes, it includes a C-Terminal Flag-tag consisting of 10 residues. The purification of Stanniocalcin is achieved using specialized chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT20230
Source
293 cell line (Human embryonic kidney).
Appearance
White, lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

STC 2 Human

Stanniocalcin-2 Human Recombinant

Stanniocalcin-2 Human Recombinant is produced in HEK 293 cells. It is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 289 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 31.9 kDa (calculated). It includes an additional four amino acids serving as a spacer and an eight-amino acid C-terminal Flag-tag. Purification is achieved through specific chromatographic methods. The recombinant human Stanniocalcin-2 has a 100% match in its amino acid sequence to the human mature Stanniocalcin-2, specifically from amino acid 25 to 302.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT20333
Source
HEK 293 cell line (Human embryonic kidney).
Appearance
White, freeze-dried powder

STC 2 Human, His

Stanniocalcin-2 Human Recombinant, His Tag

Recombinantly produced in E. coli, STC 2 Human, His is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 301 amino acids (specifically, amino acids 25 to 302) and possesses a molecular weight of 33 kDa. The protein is engineered with a 23 amino acid His-tag at its N-terminus. Purification is achieved using specialized chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT20426
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Stanniocalcin (STC) is a family of glycoprotein hormones that regulate calcium and phosphate balance in the body. Initially discovered in fish, stanniocalcins were identified as the principal calcium-reducing (hypocalcaemic) factors. They are glycosylated proteins with a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa and exist as homodimers joined by disulfide linkages .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Stanniocalcins are glycosylated, disulfide-linked, homodimeric hormones. They play a critical role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: In mammals, two paralogs of stanniocalcin, STC1 and STC2, have been identified. These are widely expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, ovary, bone, prostate, thyroid, neuron, and muscle .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Stanniocalcins are involved in regulating calcium and phosphate levels. They inhibit calcium uptake and stimulate phosphate reabsorption . Additionally, STC2 has been shown to facilitate cells in dealing with stress conditions and prevent apoptosis .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: STC2 overexpression promotes cell proliferation, migration, and immune response, highlighting its potential role in immune responses .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Stanniocalcins function in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. They regulate calcium entry through gills and intestines in fish and control phosphate transport across epithelia in the gut and kidney in mammals .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: STC1 has been shown to bind to integrin β6 (ITGB6) to activate the PI3K signaling pathway, which is involved in various cellular processes .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of stanniocalcins is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. High external calcium levels increase STC1 secretion via the calcium-sensing receptor . Additionally, STC2 expression is significantly stimulated under stress conditions like ER stress, hypoxia, and nutrient deprivation .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Stanniocalcins are regulated by various factors, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling, which affects their expression and activity .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Stanniocalcins are used as biomarkers in cancer research due to their overexpression in various tumor cells and tissues .

Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: STC2’s role in promoting acquired resistance to chemo- and radio-therapies makes it a potential therapeutic target . Additionally, STC1’s involvement in calcium and phosphate homeostasis has implications for treating related disorders .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Stanniocalcins play a role in various stages of life, from development to aging. They are involved in calcium and phosphate regulation, which is crucial for bone and muscle development . In aging and disease, their role in stress response and apoptosis prevention becomes significant .

© Copyright 2024 Thebiotek. All Rights Reserved.