Growth Factors
CD Antigens
Enzymes
Viral Antigens
Recombinant Proteins
Natural Proteins
Monoclonal Antibodies
Cytokines
Polyclonal Antibodies
Neurotrophins
Chemokines
Hormones
Custom Antibodies
Modified Histone Antibodies
Tag/Control Antibodies
Antibody Pairs
Secondary Antibodies
Small Molecular Antibodies
Recombinant Antibodies
ChIP Antibodies
Hormones
Product List
Elcatonin
Elcatonin
Elcatonin Synthetic is a single-chain polypeptide composed of 31 amino acids, devoid of any glycosylation. With a molecular weight of 3363.2 Daltons and a molecular formula of C148H244N42O47, it represents a specific chemical structure.
Shipped with Ice Packs 
Cat. No.
BT16046
Appearance
Elcatonin Synthetic typically appears as a white, lyophilized powder that has been sterilized through filtration.
Ganirelix
Ganirelix
Ganirelix acetate, a synthetic decapeptide, exhibits potent antagonistic effects against endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This compound is derived from native GnRH through amino acid substitutions at positions 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10, resulting in the peptide sequence: N-acetyl-3-(2-napthyl)-D-alanyl-4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-D-alanyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-N9,N10-diethyl-D-homoarginyl-L-leucyl-N9,N10-diethyl-L-homoarginyl-L-prolyl-D-alanylamide acetate. Ganirelix acetate has a molecular weight of 1570.4 Daltons in its anhydrous free base form.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT16124
Appearance
A clear, colorless liquid solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
NAF
Nafarelin Acetate
Nafarelin is a peptide made up of 9 amino acids: Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-Pro. It is purified using specialized chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT16879
Appearance
White, freeze-dried powder that has been sterilized by filtration.
Secretin Human
Secretin Human
Secretin is a peptide hormone composed of 27 amino acids. Its molecular formula is C130H220N44O41, and it has a molecular weight of 3055.4 Daltons. The amino acid sequence of Secretin is H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Arg- Asp-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-NH2.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT17227
Appearance
The product is supplied as a sterile, white, lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Sincalide
Sincalide
Sincalide (CCK-8), with a molecular formula of C49H62N10O16S3 and a molecular weight of 1143.29 Daltons, has the structure H-Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2.
Shipped with Ice Packs
OCT Human
Octreotide Human
Octreotide Human Synthetic is a single-chain polypeptide that is not glycosylated. It consists of 8 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 1019.26 Daltons. Its molecular formula is C49H66N10O10S2. Octreotide is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT16965
Appearance
White powder that has been freeze-dried and sterilized by filtration.
PMSG
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG), a complex glycoprotein extracted from the serum of pregnant mares, has a molecular weight ranging from 43 to 63 kDa. This protein can supplement or even replace the functions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) produced by the anterior pituitary gland in both males and females. Notably, PMSG-Intervet specifically stimulates the development of ovarian follicles in females.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT17052
Source
Serum of pregnant mares.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Pramlintide
Pramlintide
Pramlintide Synthetic is a polypeptide composed of 37 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 3949.4 Daltons. Its chemical formula is C171H267N51O53S2. It is a non-glycosylated molecule, meaning it lacks attached carbohydrate groups.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT17153
Appearance
Pramlintide Synthetic is supplied as a sterile, white powder that has been freeze-dried.
SST
Somatostatin
Synthetic Somatostatin is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 14 amino acids. It has a molecular weight of 1637.9 Daltons and a molecular formula of C76H104N18O19S2. The CAS registry number for this compound is 38916-34-6.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Terlipressin
Terlipressin
Terlipressin is a peptide composed of 12 amino acids with the sequence Gly-Gly-Gly-c[Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys]-Pro-Lys-Gly-NH2. Its molecular weight is 1227.37 Daltons.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT17493
Appearance
Terlipressin appears as a sterile, white powder obtained through lyophilization (freeze-drying).
Introduction
Definition and Classification
Peptide hormones are a class of hormones whose molecules are peptides, consisting of short chains of amino acids. They are synthesized in cells from amino acids according to mRNA transcripts, which are synthesized from DNA templates inside the cell nucleus . Peptide hormones can be classified into various types based on their structure and function, including insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and oxytocin .
Biological Properties
Peptide hormones exhibit several key biological properties:
- Expression Patterns: They are synthesized in various organs such as the pancreas, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland .
- Tissue Distribution: Peptide hormones are distributed throughout the body and can be found in insects, all vertebrates, and many other creatures .
- Key Biological Properties: They have a short half-life, meaning they break apart quickly, allowing organisms to use them to direct processes efficiently .
Biological Functions
Peptide hormones play crucial roles in various biological functions:
- Primary Biological Functions: They regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction . For example, insulin regulates blood glucose levels, while growth hormone stimulates growth and cell reproduction .
- Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Peptide hormones are involved in immune responses and pathogen recognition by interacting with immune cells and modulating their activity .
Modes of Action
Peptide hormones interact with other molecules and cells through specific mechanisms:
- Binding Partners: They bind to specific receptors on the surface of target cells .
- Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to their receptors, peptide hormones trigger intracellular signaling pathways that lead to various cellular responses . For example, the binding of insulin to its receptor activates a signaling cascade that promotes glucose uptake by cells .
Regulatory Mechanisms
The expression and activity of peptide hormones are controlled by various regulatory mechanisms:
- Transcriptional Regulation: The synthesis of peptide hormones involves gene transcription into precursor nuclear RNA, followed by post-transcriptional modifications .
- Post-Translational Modifications: Peptide hormones undergo post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which are essential for their proper function . Additionally, the regulation of peptide hormones involves releasing factors and secretagogues, primarily through interactions between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland .
Applications
Peptide hormones have numerous applications in biomedical research, diagnostics, and therapeutics:
- Biomedical Research: They are used to study cellular communication and hormone regulation .
- Diagnostic Tools: Peptide hormones serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis .
- Therapeutic Strategies: Peptide hormones are utilized in treatments for conditions such as diabetes (insulin therapy) and growth deficiencies (growth hormone therapy) .
Role in the Life Cycle
Peptide hormones play vital roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease:
- Development: They are essential for growth and development, regulating processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation .
- Aging and Disease: Peptide hormones continue to influence physiological processes in adulthood and are involved in the regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and immune function . Dysregulation of peptide hormones can lead to various diseases, including diabetes and growth disorders .
