Exodus-2 Mouse, Sf9

Exodus-2 (CCL21) Mouse Recombinant, Sf9

Exodus-2 Mouse Recombinant, produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 119 amino acids (24-133aa). It has a molecular mass of 13.1kDa. This recombinant protein includes a 9 amino acid His tag at the C-terminus and undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12244
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

Fractalkine Human

Fractalkine Human Recombinant (CX3CL1)

Recombinant Human Fractalkine, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 76 amino acids with a molecular weight of 8638 Daltons. The protein undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12318
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
White, lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder, sterile and filtered.

Fractalkine Human, His

Fractalkine Human Recombinant (CX3CL1), His Tag

This product is a recombinant human Fractalkine protein with a 20 amino acid His tag at the N-terminus. It is produced in E. coli and consists of a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 97 amino acids (25-100 a.a.). The protein has a molecular mass of 10.9 kDa and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12380
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless, and sterile-filtered solution.

Fractalkine Human, Sf9

Fractalkine (CX3CL1) Human Recombinant, Sf9

Recombinant Human Fractalkine, produced in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system, is a single polypeptide chain with a glycosylation modification. It consists of 323 amino acids (specifically, residues 25-339) and has a molecular weight of 34.3 kDa. For purification purposes, an 8-amino acid Histidine tag is attached to the C-terminus. The protein is purified using proprietary chromatography techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12459
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

Fractalkine Mouse

Fractalkine Mouse Recombinant (CX3CL1)

Recombinant Mouse Fractalkine, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 76 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 8.7 kDa. CX3CL1 is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12552
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

Fractalkine Rat

Fractalkine Rat Recombinant (CX3CL1)

Recombinant Rat Fractalkine, produced in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain that is not glycosylated. It contains 76 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 8.7 kDa. The purification process involves proprietary chromatographic techniques to isolate and ensure the quality of the Fractalkine protein.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12622
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
White powder, sterile-filtered, and lyophilized (freeze-dried).
Definition and Classification

Fractalkine, also known as chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1), is a unique chemokine that belongs to the CX3C chemokine family. It is the only member of this family and is characterized by a distinctive structure where three amino acids separate the first two cysteines at the N-terminus . Fractalkine is encoded by the CX3CL1 gene located on human chromosome 16 .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Fractalkine is a large cytokine protein composed of 373 amino acids. It exists in two forms: a membrane-bound form and a soluble form produced by proteolytic cleavage .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Fractalkine is primarily expressed on activated endothelial cells, neurons, and microglia. It is widely distributed in the brain, particularly in neural cells, and is also found in other tissues such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: Fractalkine plays a crucial role in mediating cell adhesion and migration. The membrane-bound form facilitates the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, while the soluble form acts as a chemoattractant for T cells and monocytes .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Fractalkine is involved in the recruitment and retention of immune cells at sites of inflammation. It plays a significant role in immune surveillance and pathogen recognition by attracting immune cells to infected or damaged tissues .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Fractalkine interacts with its receptor, CX3CR1, which is expressed on various immune cells, including monocytes, natural killer cells, and T cells. This interaction mediates cell adhesion and migration .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to CX3CR1, fractalkine activates several downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K-Akt pathway, which promotes cell survival and migration .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of fractalkine is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β can upregulate its expression .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Fractalkine undergoes post-translational modifications, including proteolytic cleavage by metalloproteases, which generate its soluble form .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Fractalkine is extensively studied for its role in various diseases, including neuroinflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer .

Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: Fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 are potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Inhibitors of the fractalkine-CX3CR1 axis are being explored for treating inflammatory diseases and cancer .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Fractalkine plays a role in various stages of life, from development to aging. It is involved in neuronal development, immune cell trafficking, and tissue repair. Dysregulation of fractalkine signaling is associated with age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis .

Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a multifaceted chemokine with significant roles in immune responses, cell adhesion, and migration. Its unique properties and regulatory mechanisms make it a promising target for therapeutic interventions in various diseases.

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