Chemokines
Product List
CXCL4 Variant 1 Human
Platelet Factor-4 Variant 1 Human Recombinant
PF 4 Human
Platelet Factor-4 Human Recombinant (CXCL4)
PF 4 Mouse
Platelet Factor-4 Mouse Recombinant (CXCL4)
PF 4 Protein
Platelet Factor-4 Human (CXCL4)
PF4 Bovine
Platelet Factor-4 (CXCL4) Bovine Recombinant
This product is a recombinant version of bovine Platelet Factor-4 (CXCL4) produced in E. coli bacteria. It is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 88 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 9.5 kDa. The protein has been purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PF4 Human, His
Platelet Factor-4 Human Recombinant (CXCL4), His Tag
PF4V1 Human
Platelet Factor 4 Variant 1 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Platelet Factor-4 (PF4), also known as CXCL4, is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family . It is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation and plays a crucial role in promoting blood coagulation by moderating the effects of heparin-like molecules .
Key Biological Properties: PF4 is a 70-amino acid protein that binds with high affinity to heparin . It is chemotactic for neutrophils, fibroblasts, and monocytes .
Expression Patterns: PF4 is primarily produced by platelets and megakaryocytes . It is also expressed in monocytes .
Tissue Distribution: PF4 is stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and is released upon platelet activation .
Primary Biological Functions: PF4 neutralizes heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, inhibiting local antithrombin activity and promoting coagulation . It also acts as a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, playing a role in inflammation and wound repair .
Role in Immune Responses: PF4 is involved in innate and adaptive immunity, particularly in events where platelets are activated in response to infections .
Pathogen Recognition: PF4 has been shown to kill malaria parasites within erythrocytes by selectively lysing the parasite’s digestive vacuole .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: PF4 interacts with heparin and other negatively charged proteoglycans . It also binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR3-B .
Binding Partners: PF4 forms complexes with heparin, which can lead to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), an immune-mediated disorder .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: PF4 activates the c-Mpl–Jak2 pathway in platelets, resulting in JAK2-STAT3/5 signaling .
Biomedical Research: PF4 is used in research to study coagulation, inflammation, and immune responses .
Diagnostic Tools: PF4 levels can be measured to diagnose conditions like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and other thrombotic disorders .
Therapeutic Strategies: PF4 has potential therapeutic applications in treating thrombosis, inflammation, and certain infections .
Development: PF4 plays a role in the regulation of coagulation processes during development .
Aging: PF4 levels and activity can influence age-related conditions, including cognitive decline and neuroinflammation .
Disease: PF4 is implicated in various diseases, including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory conditions .
