GRO a Rat

GRO-Alpha Rat Recombinant (CXCL1)

Recombinant Rat CXCL1, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 73 amino acids. With a molecular weight of 7.8 kDa, Rat CXCL1 is purified through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12871
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

GRO b Human

GRO-Beta Human Recombinant (CXCL2)

Recombinant Human GRO-Beta, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 73 amino acids. With a molecular weight of 7.9 kDa, CXCL2 undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12936
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile filtered white lyophilized powder.

GRO g Human, His

GRO-Gamma Human Recombinant (CXCL3), His Tag

Recombinant human GRO-Gamma, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 94 amino acids (35-107). It has a molecular weight of 7902 Daltons. A 20 amino acid His-Tag is fused to the N-terminus of GRO-g, which is purified using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13958
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A sterile, colorless, and clear solution.

GRO g Mouse

GRO-Gamma Mouse Recombinant (CXCL3)

Recombinant Mouse GRO-g, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 69 amino acids. It has a molecular weight of 7.7 kDa. The purification of CXCL3 is carried out using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14044
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

GRO g Mouse, His

GRO-Gamma Mouse Recombinant (CXCL3), His Tag

Recombinant Mouse GRO-g, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 98 amino acids (28-100 a.a.) and has a molecular weight of 10.6 kDa. This CXCL3 protein is expressed with a 25 amino acid His-tag fused to its N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14155
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution, sterilized by filtration.

GRO g/CINC-2a Rat

GRO-Gamma Rat Recombinant (CXCL3), CINC-2 alpha

Recombinant Rat GRO-g, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 69 amino acids. With a molecular weight of 7.8 kDa, CXCL3 undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14259
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

GRO b Human, His

GRO-Beta Human Recombinant (CXCL2), His Tag

Recombinant Human GRO-Beta, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 94 amino acids (residues 35-107) and has a molecular weight of 10.1 kDa. The GRO-b protein includes a 20 amino acid His Tag at the N-terminus. Purification is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13627
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

GRO b Mouse

GRO-Beta Mouse Recombinant (CXCL2)

GRO-Beta Mouse Recombinant, also known as mouse MIP-2, is produced in E. coli. It is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 73 amino acids with a molecular weight of 7849 Daltons. The purification of CXCL2 is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13699
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

GRO a Human

GRO-Alpha Human Recombinant (CXCL1)

Recombinant Human GRO Alpha, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 73 amino acids. It has a molecular weight of 7811 Daltons. The purification of GRO-alpha is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12706
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

GRO a Human, His

GRO-Alpha/MGSA Human Recombinant (CXCL1), His Tag

Recombinant human CXCL1, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It encompasses amino acids 35-107, resulting in a protein with a molecular weight of 10.1 kDa. For purification purposes, a 20 amino acid His-Tag is fused to the N-terminus of the protein. The purification process employs proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT12777
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

GRO (Growth-Regulated Oncogene) proteins, also known as CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3, are members of the CXC chemokine family. These chemokines are characterized by the presence of a conserved glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) motif and play crucial roles in immune responses by acting as chemoattractants for neutrophils . CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 are also known as GRO-α, GRO-β, and GRO-γ, respectively .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: GRO proteins are small peptides that function primarily as chemoattractants for neutrophils . They are involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.

Expression Patterns: These chemokines are expressed in various tissues, including the olfactory zone of the nasal mucosa, periodontal fiber, spleen, cartilage tissue, and bronchial epithelial cells .

Tissue Distribution: GRO proteins are found in granulocyte stroma of bone marrow, endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels, islets of Langerhans, and thymus .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: GRO proteins play a significant role in inflammation by recruiting neutrophils to sites of injury or infection . They are also involved in the regulation of immune responses and pathogen recognition.

Role in Immune Responses: These chemokines are essential for the chemotaxis of neutrophils, which are crucial for the body’s defense against infections .

Pathogen Recognition: GRO proteins help in recognizing and responding to pathogens by attracting immune cells to the site of infection .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: GRO proteins bind to the CXCR2 receptor on neutrophils and other immune cells . This binding activates various signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ)/Akt and MAP kinases such as ERK1/ERK2 .

Binding Partners: The primary binding partner for GRO proteins is the CXCR2 receptor .

Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to CXCR2, GRO proteins activate downstream signaling cascades that lead to the recruitment and activation of neutrophils .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulation of Expression: The expression of GRO proteins is regulated at the transcriptional level by factors such as NF-κB, p53, and various cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-17, TGF-β, and TNF-α .

Post-Translational Modifications: GRO proteins undergo proteolytic processing and dimerization, which can influence their activity and localization .

Applications

Biomedical Research: GRO proteins are studied for their roles in inflammation, cancer, and immune responses .

Diagnostic Tools: Elevated levels of GRO proteins can serve as biomarkers for certain inflammatory and cancerous conditions .

Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting GRO proteins and their receptors is being explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory diseases and cancer .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: GRO proteins are involved in the development of the immune system by regulating the migration and activation of neutrophils .

Aging: The expression and activity of GRO proteins can change with age, potentially influencing age-related inflammatory conditions .

Disease: Aberrant expression of GRO proteins is associated with various diseases, including cancer and chronic inflammatory conditions .

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