Chemokines
Product List
IP 10 Human
IP-10 Human Recombinant (CXCL10)
Recombinant Human IP-10, produced in E. coli, is a single-chain polypeptide. It is non-glycosylated, containing 77 amino acids, and has a molecular weight of 8.6 kDa. The purification of IP-10 is achieved using specialized chromatographic techniques.
IP 10 Human, His
IP-10 Human Recombinant (CXCL10), His Tag
IP 10 Mouse
IP-10 Mouse Recombinant (CXCL10)
IP 10 Rat
IP-10 Rat Recombinant (CXCL10)
IP 10 Rhesus macaque
IP-10 Rhesus macaque Recombinant (CXCL10)
IP10 Guinea Pig
IP-10 (CXCL10) Guinea Pig Recombinant
Recombinant Guinea Pig IP10, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 76 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 8.7kDa. The purification of IP10 is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Escherichia Coli.
Introduction
Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), also known as CXCL10, is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family . It is an 8.7 kDa protein encoded by the CXCL10 gene located on human chromosome 4 . CXCL10 is classified as a non-ELR (glutamic acid-leucine-arginine) CXC chemokine due to the absence of the ELR motif .
Key Biological Properties: CXCL10 is secreted by various cell types, including monocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) . It has a significant role in immune responses and inflammation.
Expression Patterns: CXCL10 expression is induced by IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a variety of cells . It is constitutively expressed at low levels in thymic, splenic, and lymph node stroma .
Tissue Distribution: CXCL10 is found in many tissues, including the liver, where it is secreted by hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelium .
Primary Biological Functions: CXCL10 functions as a chemoattractant for monocytes, macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells . It promotes T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, exhibits antitumor activity, and inhibits bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis .
Role in Immune Responses: CXCL10 plays a crucial role in recruiting activated T cells into sites of tissue inflammation, particularly in Th1-type inflammatory diseases .
Pathogen Recognition: CXCL10 is involved in host defense mechanisms against certain intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania major .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CXCL10 exerts its effects by binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR3 . This interaction triggers multiple signaling pathways that recruit CXCR3+ target cells to inflammatory or injured areas .
Binding Partners: CXCL10 binds to CXCR3, which is predominantly expressed on activated T cells, NK cells, and some epithelial and cancer cells .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: The binding of CXCL10 to CXCR3 activates downstream signaling pathways that mediate immune responses, including chemotaxis, apoptosis, and regulation of cell growth .
Transcriptional Regulation: CXCL10 expression is induced by a range of innate and adaptive immune stimuli, including IFN-γ, IFN-α, IFN-β, and TNF-α .
Post-Translational Modifications: Different forms of CXCL10 exert different functions. For example, long-length CXCL10 directs CXCR3+ T cell migration and is associated with inflammation, while short CXCL10 acts as a CXCR3 antagonist .
Biomedical Research: CXCL10 is used as a biomarker for various diseases, including heart failure and hepatitis C . It is also studied for its role in autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes mellitus .
Diagnostic Tools: CXCL10 levels in plasma can predict the response to antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis C and HIV co-infection .
Therapeutic Strategies: CXCL10 is being explored as a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases, cancer, and liver diseases .
Development: CXCL10 is constitutively expressed at low levels in thymic, splenic, and lymph node stroma, indicating its role in immune system development .
Aging and Disease: CXCL10 expression increases in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis . It also plays a role in cancer progression by regulating angiogenesis and cell proliferation .
