Product List

Rantes Human

Rantes Human Recombinant (CCL5)

Rantes Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 68 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7809.2 Dalton.
The Rantes is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT22732
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Rantes Human, His

Rantes Human Recombinant (CCL5), His Tag

Rantes Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is single, a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 68 amino acids fragment (24-91) having a total molecular mass of 17.5kDa and fused with a 4.5kDa amino-terminal hexahistidine tag.
The Rantes His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT22829
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.

Rantes Mouse

Rantes Mouse Recombinant (CCL5)

Rantes Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 68 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7876 Dalton.

The Mouse Rantes is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT22923
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Rantes Rat

Rantes Rat Recombinant (CCL5)

Rantes Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 68 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7876 Dalton.
The Rat Rantes is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT23055
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Rantes Rhesus Macaque

Rantes Rhesus Macaque Recombinant (CCL5)

Rantes Rhesus Macaque Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 68 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7.8kDa.
The CCL5 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT23143
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

Rantes, also known as C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), is a protein encoded by the CCL5 gene in humans . It belongs to the CC subfamily of chemokines, characterized by two adjacent cysteines near their N-terminus . Rantes is an 8kDa protein consisting of 68 amino acids . It is also known by several aliases, including SCYA5, SIS-delta, and TCP228 .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: CCL5 is a proinflammatory chemokine that recruits leukocytes to sites of inflammation . It is chemotactic for T cells, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and mastocytes .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: CCL5 is mainly expressed by T-cells and monocytes . It is also abundantly expressed by epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and thrombocytes . However, it has not been shown to be expressed by B-cells .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: CCL5 plays a crucial role in recruiting immune cells to sites of inflammation . It is involved in the proliferation and activation of NK cells, forming CC-Chemokine-activated killer (CHAK) cells . Additionally, CCL5 acts as an HIV-suppressive factor released from CD8+ T cells .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: CCL5 is involved in the homing and migration of effector and memory T cells during acute infections . It also plays a role in antiviral immunity, tumor development, and various human diseases and disorders such as viral hepatitis and COVID-19 .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CCL5 binds to receptors CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5, with the highest affinity to CCR5 . Upon binding to CCR5, CCL5 induces the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), which subsequently phosphorylates protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) on serine 473 . The Akt/PKB complex then phosphorylates and inactivates the serine/threonine protein kinase GSK-3 .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: CCL5 binding to CCR5 leads to the activation of various downstream signaling pathways, including the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-5, and IFN-γ .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression of CCL5 is regulated by Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) in T lymphocytes . The CCL5 gene is activated 3-5 days after T-cell activation via the T-cell receptor (TCR), which is different from most other chemokines that are released almost immediately after cell stimulation . This delayed activation is crucial for maintaining inflammation .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: In fibroblasts and monocytes, rel proteins alone suffice to induce transcription of CCL5 . In T lymphocytes, a molecular complex (enhancesome) including KLF13, rel proteins p50 and p65, and scaffolding proteins is required for CCL5 expression . This complex recruits enzymes involved in acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation of chromatin .

Applications

Biomedical Research: CCL5 is widely used in research to study its role in inflammation, immune responses, and various diseases .

Diagnostic Tools: CCL5 antibodies are used in various diagnostic applications, including ELISA, Western Blot, and Immunohistochemistry .

Therapeutic Strategies: CCL5 is a target for therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating immune responses in diseases such as HIV, cancer, and autoimmune disorders .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: CCL5 plays a critical role in immune responses throughout the life cycle, from development to aging . It is involved in inflammation maintenance, transplantation, antiviral immunity, and tumor development . High levels of CCL5 are found in the aging stem cell milieu, influencing hematopoietic stem cell subtypes and causing myeloid skewing .

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