CD274 Human

CD274 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human CD274, expressed in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain comprising 245 amino acids (residues 19-238) with a molecular weight of 27.9 kDa. Note that the apparent molecular weight on SDS-PAGE might be higher. This CD274 protein is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at its N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27523
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
The product is a sterile, colorless, and clear solution.

CD274 Human, Sf9

CD274 Human Recombinant, Sf9

Recombinant human CD274, produced in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 462 amino acids (19-238a.a.), resulting in a molecular mass of 52.5 kDa. Note: SDS-PAGE analysis may show a molecular size of approximately 50-70 kDa due to glycosylation. The protein is expressed with a C-terminal 239 amino acid hIgG-His tag for purification and detection purposes. Purification is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27617
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
Clear, colorless, and sterile-filtered solution.

CD274 Mouse

CD274 Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant CD274 from Mouse, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 246 amino acids, encompassing residues 19 to 239, and has a molecular mass of 27.6 kDa. Notably, the molecular size observed on SDS-PAGE will appear larger due to the presence of a 25 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus. The protein has undergone purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27721
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Clear and colorless solution, sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

CD274, also known as Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), is a protein encoded by the CD274 gene. It is a type 1 transmembrane protein and a member of the B7 family of proteins, which are involved in the regulation of immune responses .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: CD274 is a 40kDa protein that plays a crucial role in immune regulation. It is known for its ability to suppress the adaptive immune system .

Expression Patterns: CD274 is expressed on various cell types, including hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells such as T cells, B cells, and various tumor cells .

Tissue Distribution: CD274 is widely distributed in tissues such as the placenta, lung, heart, and various tumor microenvironments .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: CD274 primarily functions as an immune checkpoint molecule. It binds to its receptor, PD-1, on T cells, leading to the inhibition of T cell activation and cytokine production .

Role in Immune Responses: CD274 plays a significant role in maintaining immune homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity and promoting tolerance to self-antigens .

Pathogen Recognition: CD274 is involved in the immune response to infections by modulating the activity of T cells and other immune cells .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CD274 interacts with PD-1 on T cells, delivering inhibitory signals that reduce T cell proliferation and cytokine production .

Binding Partners: The primary binding partner of CD274 is PD-1, but it may also interact with other molecules involved in immune regulation .

Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to PD-1, CD274 activates downstream signaling pathways that lead to the inhibition of T cell receptor signaling and the promotion of T cell anergy and apoptosis .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of CD274 is regulated at the transcriptional level by various factors, including cytokines and transcription factors .

Post-Translational Modifications: CD274 undergoes several post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, glycosylation, and palmitoylation, which affect its stability and function .

Applications

Biomedical Research: CD274 is extensively studied in cancer immunotherapy as a target for immune checkpoint inhibitors .

Diagnostic Tools: CD274 expression levels are used as biomarkers for various cancers and are assessed using techniques like immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry .

Therapeutic Strategies: Inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, are used to enhance anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: CD274 is involved in the development of immune tolerance during pregnancy and in the prevention of autoimmune diseases .

Aging and Disease: The expression of CD274 increases in various cancers, contributing to immune evasion by tumor cells. It also plays a role in chronic infections and inflammatory diseases .

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