Product List

CD68 Human

CD68 Human Recombinant

CD68 Human Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 323 amino acids (22-319) and having a molecular mass of 34.1 kDa.
CD68 is fused to a 25 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30351
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

CD68 Human, 38kDa

CD68 Human Recombinant, 38kDa

CD68 Human Recombinant full length expressed in E.coli, shows a 38 kDa band on SDS-PAGE.
CD68 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30377
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.

CD68 Human, sf9

CD68 Human Recombinant, sf9

CD68 Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 307 amino acids (22-319) and having a molecular mass of 32.6kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 57-70kDa).
CD68 is fused to 6 amino acid His-Tag at C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30407
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

CD68, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 68, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed by cells in the monocyte lineage, including monocytes, macrophages, and myeloid leukemia cells with monocytic differentiation . It is also known by other names such as GP110, LAMP4, and SCARD1 . CD68 is primarily found in the lysosomal membrane and is a member of the lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: CD68 is a heavily glycosylated protein with a molecular weight of 110 kD . It consists of 354 amino acids and has a heavily glycosylated extracellular domain .

Expression Patterns: CD68 is highly expressed in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, including circulating macrophages and tissue macrophages such as Kupffer cells and microglia .

Tissue Distribution: CD68 is found in various tissues, including the spleen, liver, lung, and lymph nodes . It is also expressed in the stromal cells of the bone marrow, decidua, and spleen .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: CD68 plays a crucial role in the immune system by promoting phagocytosis and mediating the recruitment and activation of macrophages . It functions as a scavenger receptor, clearing cellular debris and apoptotic cells .

Role in Immune Responses: CD68 is involved in pathogen recognition and the immune response by binding to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins, allowing macrophages to home to particular sites . It also participates in the clearance of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and other ligands .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CD68 interacts with various molecules and cells through its role as a scavenger receptor. It binds to oxLDL, phosphatidylserine, and apoptotic cells, facilitating their clearance .

Binding Partners: CD68 binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins, allowing macrophage subsets to home to specific sites .

Downstream Signaling Cascades: CD68 is involved in downstream signaling cascades that promote phagocytosis and the activation of macrophages .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms: The expression and activity of CD68 are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . CD68 expression can be upregulated in response to inflammatory signals and other stimuli .

Transcriptional Regulation: CD68 gene expression is controlled by various transcription factors that respond to inflammatory signals .

Post-Translational Modifications: CD68 undergoes extensive glycosylation, which is crucial for its function and stability .

Applications

Biomedical Research: CD68 is widely used as a marker for macrophages and monocytes in immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry . It helps in identifying and studying these cells in various tissues and conditions.

Diagnostic Tools: CD68 is used in the diagnosis of diseases involving macrophages, such as certain types of leukemia and histiocytosis . It helps distinguish between different forms of leukemia and other hematopoietic disorders .

Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting CD68 and its pathways can be a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases involving macrophages, such as chronic inflammatory conditions and certain cancers .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: CD68 is expressed during the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and plays a role in their maturation and function .

Aging: The expression and function of CD68 can change with aging, potentially affecting the immune response and the clearance of cellular debris .

Disease: CD68 is involved in various diseases, including chronic inflammatory conditions, cancers, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) . Its expression can be upregulated in response to disease-related stimuli, contributing to disease progression and pathology .

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