Product List

CD74 Human

CD74 Human Recombinant

CD74 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 183 amino acids (73-232 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 20.6kDa.
CD74 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30683
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.

CD74 Human, Sf9

CD74 Human Recombinant, Sf9

CD74 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 166 amino acids (73-232a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 19.05kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 18-28kDa). CD74 is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT30721
Source
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

CD74, also known as the Cluster of Differentiation 74 (CD74) or HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein. It is encoded by the CD74 gene and is primarily known for its role as an invariant chain (Ii) in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation pathway .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: CD74 is a non-polymorphic protein that exists in different isoforms, including p31 and p41 . It has a short N-terminal cytoplasmic tail, a transmembrane region, and a luminal domain .

Expression Patterns: CD74 is expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages . It is also found intracellularly in various cell types .

Tissue Distribution: CD74 is widely distributed in immune-related tissues, including the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes . It is also present in non-immune tissues such as the liver and lungs .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: CD74 functions as a chaperone for MHC class II molecules, facilitating their proper folding and transport to the cell surface . It also acts as a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), playing a role in immune responses and inflammation .

Role in Immune Responses: CD74 is crucial for the presentation of exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells, thereby initiating adaptive immune responses . It also regulates the development and function of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells .

Pathogen Recognition: CD74 is involved in the recognition and processing of pathogen-derived antigens, aiding in the activation of the immune system .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CD74 interacts with MHC class II molecules to form a complex that is transported to the cell surface . It also binds to MIF, triggering downstream signaling pathways .

Binding Partners: CD74 forms complexes with CD44 and other cell surface receptors, influencing cell migration and survival .

Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to MIF, CD74 activates signaling pathways such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, the PI3K-Akt pathway, and the NF-κB pathway . These pathways regulate various cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, and inflammation .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of CD74 is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors and cytokines .

Post-Translational Modifications: CD74 undergoes post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, which influence its stability and function .

Applications

Biomedical Research: CD74 is used as a marker for studying antigen presentation and immune cell function . It is also a target for investigating the mechanisms of immune-related diseases .

Diagnostic Tools: CD74 expression levels can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain cancers and autoimmune diseases .

Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting CD74 with specific antibodies or small molecules is being explored as a therapeutic approach for treating cancers, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders .

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: CD74 is essential for the development of the immune system, particularly in the maturation of T cells and B cells .

Aging: The expression and function of CD74 may change with age, potentially influencing immune responses in older individuals .

Disease: Dysregulation of CD74 is associated with various diseases, including cancers, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions .

© Copyright 2024 Thebiotek. All Rights Reserved.