BD 3 Mouse

Beta Defensin-3 Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant Mouse Beta Defensin-3, expressed in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It contains 41 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 4.6kDa. The purification of BD-3 is carried out using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13987
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

BD 3 Rat

Beta Defensin-3 Rat Recombinant

Recombinant BD-3 Rat, produced in E.coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 41 amino acids with a molecular weight of 4.5kDa. The purification of BD-3 is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14068
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
White, lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder supplied in sterile conditions.

BD 4 Human

Beta Defensin-4 Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human Beta Defensin-4, produced in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain that lacks glycosylation modifications. It comprises 50 amino acids and exhibits a molecular weight of 6 kDa.
The purification of BD-4 is achieved through specialized chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14148
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A white powder, sterilized through filtration and lyophilized (freeze-dried).

BD 4 Rat

BD 4 Rat

Recombinant BD-4 Rat, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 41 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 4.4 kDa. The purification of BD-4 is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14234
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

BD14 Mouse

Beta Defensin-14 Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant Mouse Beta Defensin-14, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 5.2 kDa, comprising 45 amino acids. The BD14 protein undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic methods to ensure its high purity and quality.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT14286
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
The product is supplied as a sterile, white lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder, ensuring ease of handling and storage.

BD 1 Mouse

BD 1 Mouse

Recombinant Mouse BD 1, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 37 amino acids. With a molecular weight of 4.1 kDa, it is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13601
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

BD 1 Rat

Beta Defensin -1 Rat Recombinant

Recombinant BD-1 from rat is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 4.1 kDa. It is produced in E. coli and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13673
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

BD 2 Human

Beta Defensin-2 Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human Beta Defensin-2, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 4.3 kDa. This protein consists of 41 amino acids. The purification process involves proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13772
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

BD 2 Mouse

Beta Defensin-2 Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant Beta Defensin-2 Mouse, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 51 amino acids. It has a molecular weight of 5.5 kDa.
Purification of BD-2 is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13837
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized powder.

BD 3 Human

Beta Defensin-3 Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human Beta-Defensin 3, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 45 amino acids with a molecular weight of 5161.2 Daltons. The purification process of BD-3 involves proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT13917
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered Lyophilized (Freeze-dried) Powder
Definition and Classification

Beta defensins are a family of small, cationic, antimicrobial peptides that play a crucial role in the innate immune system. They are characterized by their ability to disrupt the membranes of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses . Beta defensins are classified into three main categories based on their structure and disulfide bonding patterns: alpha, beta, and theta defensins . Every mammalian species explored thus far has beta-defensins .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Beta defensins are typically 2 to 6 kDa in size and contain three pairs of intramolecular disulfide bonds . They are cationic and microbicidal, active against a wide range of pathogens .

Expression Patterns: Beta defensins are produced by various cell types, including epithelial cells lining organs such as the epidermis, bronchial tree, and genitourinary tract . They are also found in white blood cells like macrophages, granulocytes, and NK-cells .

Tissue Distribution: Beta defensins are widely distributed across different tissues. For instance, in cows, as many as 13 beta-defensins exist in neutrophils . In humans, they are found in epithelial cells of various organs .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of beta defensins is to provide antimicrobial defense by disrupting the membranes of pathogens . They also play a role in immune responses by inducing the activation and degranulation of mast cells, leading to the release of histamine and prostaglandin D2 .

Role in Immune Responses: Beta defensins are involved in the innate immune response, acting as the first line of defense against microbial invasion . They help in pathogen recognition and initiate immune responses by binding to receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLR) and nod-like receptors (NLR) .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Beta defensins interact with the membranes of invading microbes, which are negatively charged due to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in the cell membrane . They have a higher affinity for these binding sites compared to Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, leading to membrane destabilization .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Beta defensins can form net-like structures that entrap bacteria, preventing their migration and invasion . This redox-dependent function serves as an additional mechanism of action, differing from other defensins .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Control of Expression and Activity: The expression of beta defensins is regulated by various pathways, including the toll-like receptors (TLRs)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway . Alternative pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and epigenetic regulation also contribute to their regulation .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Beta defensins are usually translated from characteristic two-exon gene structures . The first exon encodes a pre-pro-peptide, while the mature peptide is encoded by the second exon, containing the six cysteine motif .

Applications

Biomedical Research: Beta defensins are used in research to understand their role in immune responses and their potential as antimicrobial agents .

Diagnostic Tools: They have potential applications in diagnostic tools due to their ability to recognize and bind to specific pathogens .

Therapeutic Strategies: Beta defensins are being explored as therapeutic agents for their antimicrobial properties and their ability to modulate immune responses .

Role in the Life Cycle

From Development to Aging and Disease: Beta defensins play a role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging . They are expressed pre-birth and disruptions in their regulation may contribute to disease susceptibility . In adults, they help maintain homeostasis and protect against infections .

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