Cytokines
Product List
Flt3 Ligand Human, HEK
Flt3-Ligand Human Recombinant, HEK derived
Flt3 Ligand Human, Sf9
Flt3 Ligand Human Recombinant, Sf9
Flt3 Ligand Mouse
Flt3 Ligand Mouse Recombinant
Recombinant Flt3-Ligand Mouse, expressed in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 163 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 18.6 kDa. The purification of Flt3-Ligand is achieved through proprietary chromatographic methods.
The product appears as a sterile, white powder that has been lyophilized (freeze-dried).
Flt3 Ligand Mouse, Sf9
Flt3 Ligand Mouse Recombinant, Sf9
Flt3 Ligand Porcine
Flt3 Ligand Porcine Recombinant
Flt3 Ligand Human
Flt3 Ligand Human Recombinant
Flt3-Ligand Rhesus Macaque
Flt3-Ligand Rhesus Macaque Recombinant
Introduction
Flt3 Ligand (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand) is a hematopoietic cytokine that plays a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of various blood cell progenitors. It is structurally homologous to stem cell factor (SCF) and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) . Flt3 Ligand is classified as a member of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase family, which includes other members like FMS, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and KIT .
Key Biological Properties: Flt3 Ligand is a four-helical bundle cytokine that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells . It is expressed as both a transmembrane molecule and a soluble factor, allowing for local control of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) stimulation .
Expression Patterns: Flt3 Ligand is expressed in various tissues, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes . It is also found in granulocytes, lymphocytes, and other immune cells .
Tissue Distribution: The expression of Flt3 Ligand is predominantly found in hematopoietic tissues such as the bone marrow and spleen, as well as in the thymus and lymph nodes .
Primary Biological Functions: Flt3 Ligand functions as a cytokine and growth factor that increases the number of immune cells, including B cells and T cells, by activating hematopoietic progenitors . It plays a critical role in the development of the immune system and the maintenance of HSCs .
Role in Immune Responses: Flt3 Ligand is essential for the differentiation and proliferation of dendritic cells, which are crucial for antigen presentation and the initiation of immune responses .
Pathogen Recognition: By promoting the development of dendritic cells and other immune cells, Flt3 Ligand enhances the body’s ability to recognize and respond to pathogens .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Flt3 Ligand binds to its receptor, Flt3 (CD135), which is expressed on hematopoietic progenitor cells . Upon binding, Flt3 undergoes homodimerization and activation, leading to increased cellular signaling via multiple pathways, including RAS/MAPK, JAK/STAT, and PI3K/AKT .
Binding Partners: Flt3 Ligand primarily binds to the Flt3 receptor, which is found on multipotent progenitor (MPP) and common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) cells .
Downstream Signaling Cascades: The activation of Flt3 leads to the phosphorylation of downstream molecules, promoting cellular proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and inhibition of differentiation .
Regulatory Mechanisms: The expression and activity of Flt3 Ligand are regulated by various mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism has been shown to contribute to cancer progression and poor therapeutic response in FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) .
Transcriptional Regulation: The transcription of the Flt3 Ligand gene is controlled by various transcription factors that respond to cellular signals and environmental cues .
Post-Translational Modifications: Flt3 Ligand undergoes post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which are essential for its proper function and localization .
Biomedical Research: Flt3 Ligand is widely used in research to study hematopoiesis and immune system development . It is also used to generate dendritic cells for immunotherapy studies .
Diagnostic Tools: The expression levels of Flt3 Ligand and its receptor are used as biomarkers for certain hematologic malignancies, including AML .
Therapeutic Strategies: Flt3 Ligand has potential therapeutic applications in stem cell transplantation and cancer immunotherapy . FLT3 inhibitors are being developed to target FLT3 mutations in AML .
Development: Flt3 Ligand is crucial for the early stages of hematopoiesis, promoting the development of HSCs and immune cells .
Aging: The expression and function of Flt3 Ligand may decline with age, potentially affecting the maintenance of HSCs and immune function .
Disease: Mutations in the Flt3 receptor are associated with various hematologic malignancies, including AML . Targeting these mutations with FLT3 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy .
