Cytokines
Product List
RELM a Mouse
RELM-alpha Mouse Recombinant
RELM a Mouse, His
RELM-Alpha Mouse Recombinant, His Tag
RELM b Human
RELM-Beta Human Recombinant
RELM b Human, His
RELM-Beta Human Recombinant, His Tag
RELM b Mouse
RELM-Beta Mouse Recombinant
RELM g Mouse
RELM-Gamma Mouse Recombinant
RELM g Mouse, His
RELM-Gamma Mouse Recombinant, His Tag
Resistin Human
Resistin Human Recombinant
Recombinant Human Resistin, produced in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated, homodimeric polypeptide chain. It consists of two chains, each containing 93 amino acids, resulting in a total molecular weight of 19.7 kDa.
The purification of Recombinant Human Resistin is achieved using standardized chromatographic techniques.
Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Resistin Human, HEK
Resistin Human Recombinant, HEK
HEK293 cells.
Resistin Human, His
Resistin Human Recombinant, His Tag
The purification of Resistin is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Resistin, also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) or C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein (XCP1), is a cysteine-rich peptide hormone derived from adipose tissue. In humans, it is encoded by the RETN gene located on chromosome 19 . Resistin belongs to the family of resistin-like molecules (RELMs), which also includes RELMα, RELMβ, and RELMγ .
Key Biological Properties: Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein with a molecular weight of approximately 12.5 kDa. It consists of 108 amino acids in humans and 114 amino acids in mice .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: In humans, resistin is predominantly expressed in immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages, while in rodents, it is primarily secreted by adipocytes . Resistin is found in various tissues, including bone marrow, spleen, and blood .
Primary Biological Functions: Resistin plays a significant role in regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance . It is also involved in inflammatory processes and has been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Resistin functions as a host defense peptide of innate immunity, exhibiting wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity and modulating immune responses . It limits microbial product-induced inflammation and plays a regulatory role in chronic inflammatory diseases .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Resistin interacts with various molecules and cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells . It influences several biological processes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and angiogenesis .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Resistin binds to receptors on target cells, activating signaling pathways such as the NF-κB pathway, which leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) . It also affects the phosphorylation state of enzymes like AMPK, influencing glucose metabolism .
Transcriptional Regulation: Resistin expression is regulated by various transcription factors, including PPARγ and C/EBP . These factors influence the transcriptional events leading to the production of resistin in different tissues.
Post-Translational Modifications: Resistin undergoes post-translational modifications that affect its stability and activity. These modifications include disulfide bond formation, which is crucial for its structural integrity and function .
Biomedical Research: Resistin is extensively studied for its role in metabolic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity . It serves as a biomarker for these conditions and is used to understand the underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance .
Diagnostic Tools: Resistin levels are measured in clinical settings to diagnose and monitor inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders . It is also explored as a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis .
Therapeutic Strategies: Targeting resistin and its signaling pathways is considered a therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Inhibitors of resistin activity are being developed to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation .
Development to Aging and Disease: Resistin plays a role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging. It is involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune responses . Elevated resistin levels are associated with aging-related diseases such as T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions .
