Mouse OX40L

OX40 Ligand Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant Mouse OX40L, produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain. It comprises 157 amino acids (51-198 aa), resulting in a molecular mass of 17.7 kDa. The protein is fused to a 6 amino acid His tag at the C-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24297
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance

Sterile filtered, colorless solution.

OX40L Human

OX40 Ligand Human Recombinant

OX40L Human Recombinant is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain encompassing amino acids 51-183. With a total of 139 amino acids, it has a molecular mass of 16.2 kDa. This protein is engineered with a 6 amino acid histidine tag at the C-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24383
Source

HEK293 Cells.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

RANK Mouse

RANK Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant RANK Mouse, produced in Baculovirus, is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 426 amino acids (31-214 aa). With a molecular mass of 47.5kDa, it encompasses amino acids 31-214 of the RANK protein fused to a 242 amino acid hIgG-His-Tag at the C-terminus. Purification is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24426
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

RELT Human

RELT Human Recombinant

RELT produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 376 amino acids (26-162a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 41.4kDa. (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 40-57kDa). RELT is expressed with a 239 amino acid hIgG-His-tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24515
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.

TACI Human, Sf9

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 13B Human Recombinant, Sf9

TACI, produced in Sf9 insect cells, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain with 407 amino acids (1-165a.a.) and a molecular mass of 45.8 kDa. Note: On SDS-PAGE, the molecular size appears between 25-50 kDa. The protein is expressed with a 242 amino acid hIgG-His tag at the C-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT24574
Source
Sf9, Insect cells.
Appearance
A colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

TNF a Mouse

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Mouse Recombinant

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Mouse Recombinant, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 157 amino acids. With a molecular mass of 17.3 kDa, this recombinant protein is purified using standardized chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25046
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

TNF a Mutant Human

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Mutant Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human TNF-alpha Variant is a non-glycosylated protein produced in E. coli. It consists of a single polypeptide chain with 151 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 16598 Daltons. The purification process involves standard chromatographic techniques to ensure its quality and purity.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25140
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile White lyophilized powder.

TNF a Rabbit

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Rabbit Recombinant

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Rabbit Recombinant is a laboratory-produced protein that mimics the structure and function of naturally occurring TNF-alpha. It consists of three identical protein chains, each composed of 158 amino acids, forming a compact, bell-shaped structure. This recombinant protein is produced in E. coli bacteria and lacks glycosylation, a common modification in proteins. It has a molecular weight of 17.4 kDa for each individual subunit. The purification of TNF-alpha is achieved using standard chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25221
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

TNF a Rat

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Rat Recombinant

Recombinant Rat Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 157 amino acids with a molecular weight of 17,339.44 Daltons. The purification of TNF-alpha is achieved through standard chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25280
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
White, sterile-filtered lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

TNFAIP8 Human

Tumor Necrosis Factor, Alpha-Induced Protein 8 Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human TNFAIP8, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 221 amino acids (residues 1-198) with a molecular weight of 25kDa. The protein includes a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT26253
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterile-filtered.
Definition and Classification

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a cytokine, a type of signaling protein involved in systemic inflammation and is part of the body’s immune response. TNF is primarily produced by activated macrophages, although it can also be produced by other cell types such as lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and neurons. TNF is classified into two main forms:

  • TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): The most studied form, involved in systemic inflammation and acute phase reactions.
  • TNF-β (Tumor Necrosis Factor-beta): Also known as lymphotoxin, it is produced by lymphocytes and has similar but distinct functions compared to TNF-α.
Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties:

  • Molecular Weight: TNF-α is a 17 kDa protein, while TNF-β is slightly larger.
  • Structure: TNF-α is a trimeric protein, meaning it forms a complex of three identical subunits.

Expression Patterns:

  • TNF-α: Expressed primarily by macrophages, but also by other immune cells such as T cells and natural killer cells.
  • TNF-β: Expressed by activated lymphocytes.

Tissue Distribution:

  • TNF is found in various tissues, including the spleen, liver, and adipose tissue. It is also present in the bloodstream during systemic inflammation.
Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions:

  • Inflammation: TNF is a key mediator of inflammation, promoting the recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection or injury.
  • Cell Death: TNF can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in certain cells, which is crucial for controlling infections and preventing cancer.
  • Immune Response: TNF plays a role in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, enhancing the body’s ability to fight off pathogens.

Role in Immune Responses:

  • Pathogen Recognition: TNF helps in recognizing and responding to pathogens by activating immune cells and promoting the production of other cytokines.
Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells:

  • Receptors: TNF exerts its effects by binding to two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are present on the surface of various cells.
  • Binding Partners: TNF can interact with other cytokines and signaling molecules to amplify or modulate its effects.

Downstream Signaling Cascades:

  • NF-κB Pathway: Activation of TNFR1 leads to the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which promotes the expression of genes involved in inflammation and cell survival.
  • MAPK Pathway: TNF can also activate the MAPK pathway, leading to the production of inflammatory mediators.
Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms:

  • Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of TNF is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors, including NF-κB and AP-1.
  • Post-Translational Modifications: TNF undergoes several post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and cleavage, which can affect its activity and stability.
Applications

Biomedical Research:

  • Disease Models: TNF is used in research to study inflammatory diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

Diagnostic Tools:

  • Biomarkers: Elevated levels of TNF in the blood can serve as biomarkers for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Therapeutic Strategies:

  • Anti-TNF Therapies: Drugs that inhibit TNF, such as infliximab and etanercept, are used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and psoriasis.
Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle:

  • Development: TNF is involved in embryonic development, particularly in the formation of the immune system.
  • Aging: TNF levels can increase with age, contributing to age-related inflammation and diseases.
  • Disease: Dysregulation of TNF is associated with various diseases, including chronic inflammatory conditions, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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