Cytokines
Product List
Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15 protein (TNFSF15), partial (Active)
This Recombinant Human TNFSF15 protein offers significant potential for cancer research, providing insights into the role of this cytokine as a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily. Known as TNF ligand-related molecule 1 (TL1) or vascular endothelial cell growth inhibitor (VEGI), TNFSF15 plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, including apoptosis, immune regulation, and angiogenesis. Investigating the functions of TNFSF15 can offer valuable insights into cancer biology, potentially leading to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Produced using a precise E. coli expression system, our Tag-Free recombinant protein exhibits high purity (>97%, as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC) and minimal endotoxin contamination (<1.0 EU/μg). The protein corresponds to amino acids 72 to 251, encompassing a partial length of the TNFSF15 sequence. Maintaining its native structure, this protein ensures reliable and consistent results in your experiments.
Our recombinant TNFSF15 protein demonstrates full biological activity, effectively inducing apoptosis using human TF-1 cells. The ED50, determined through a dose-response assay, is less than 20 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of > 5.0 × 10^4 IU/mg. Supplied as a lyophilized powder, this product offers exceptional stability and can be conveniently reconstituted for diverse experimental applications. Uncover the intricate mechanisms underlying cancer progression and angiogenesis with our high-quality TNFSF15 protein.
Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), partial (Active)
CUSABIO Recombinant Human TNFSF11 is a high-quality protein meticulously designed for cancer research. TNFSF11, also known as Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 or Osteoclast differentiation factor, plays a pivotal role in osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. It is also referred to as Osteoprotegerin ligand and Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand due to its involvement in a variety of biological processes.
This recombinant protein is expressed in E. coli and features an N-terminal 6xHis-tag facilitating straightforward purification and detection. With a purity level exceeding 90%, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis, you can rely on its exceptional quality and dependability for your research endeavors. The protein encompasses a partial length, spanning amino acids 140 to 317, which is particularly relevant for studying its role in cancer.
The activity of our TNFSF11 has been rigorously assessed using a functional ELISA, meticulously measuring its ability to bind SF11A. The effective dose (ED50) for this binding activity is less than 10 µg/ml, showcasing its strong affinity and functional capabilities. Furthermore, the product has been thoroughly tested to have an endotoxin level of less than 1.0 EU/µg, ensuring its suitability for even the most sensitive applications. It is supplied in a convenient lyophilized powder form, offering excellent stability and ease of use in your laboratory experiments and applications.
Recombinant Mouse Tumor necrosis factor protein (Tnf), partial (Active)
This Recombinant Mouse Tnf protein is a valuable tool for cancer research. Tnf, also known as Tumor necrosis factor or TNF-alpha, plays a significant role in inflammation, immune regulation, and cancer biology in mice.
Produced using an E. coli expression system, our protein encompasses amino acids 80 to 235, representing a partial length of the Tnf sequence. Featuring a tag-free design, the protein maintains its native structure, ensuring accurate functionality and minimizing potential interference in downstream applications. Its purity surpasses 98%, as determined by rigorous SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis, guaranteeing reliable and consistent results.
Our Recombinant Mouse Tnf protein exhibits full biological activity when compared to the standard, enabling accurate investigations into its role in cancer development and immune responses. The lyophilized powder form provides stability and convenience during storage and handling.
Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha protein (LTA) (Active)
Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha protein (LTA) (Active) is a partial-length protein expressed without a tag in *E. coli*. Its expression region corresponds to amino acids 35-205 of human LTA protein. Purity was determined by SDS-PAGE and reached up to 96%, exhibiting a molecular mass band around 18.7 kDa on the gel. Biological activity was validated through functional ELISA analyses. The endotoxin level of this recombinant protein is less than 1.0 EU/µg as determined by the LAL method. This recombinant LTA protein is in stock and available for immediate purchase.
LTA is a cytokine that, in its homotrimeric form, binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR, and TNFRSF14/HVEM. In its heterotrimeric form with LTB, it binds to TNFRSF3/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and is cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells *in vitro* and *in vivo*. Diseases associated with LTA include Psoriatic Arthritis and Leprosy.
Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10), partial (Active)
Our Recombinant Human TNFSF10 (Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10) is a premium quality protein meticulously designed for cancer research. TNFSF10, also known as Apo-2 ligand, Apo-2L, or TRAIL, plays a pivotal role in apoptosis induction and exhibits significant potential as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
This tag-free recombinant protein is produced using a robust E. coli expression system, ensuring a high purity exceeding 95%, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. It encompasses a partial protein sequence spanning amino acids 115 to 281, providing a reliable tool for your cancer-related investigations.
The activity of our TNFSF10 has been rigorously evaluated. In a cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibroblast cells and the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D, the effective dose (ED50) was determined to be less than 50 ng/ml. Furthermore, the product has undergone comprehensive testing, resulting in an endotoxin level below 1.0 EU/µg, ensuring its suitability for sensitive applications. It is conveniently supplied as a lyophilized powder, guaranteeing stability and ease of use in your research experiments and applications.
Introduction
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a cytokine, a type of signaling protein involved in systemic inflammation and is part of the body’s immune response. TNF is primarily produced by activated macrophages, although it can also be produced by other cell types such as lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and neurons. TNF is classified into two main forms:
- TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): The most studied form, involved in systemic inflammation and acute phase reactions.
- TNF-β (Tumor Necrosis Factor-beta): Also known as lymphotoxin, it is produced by lymphocytes and has similar but distinct functions compared to TNF-α.
Key Biological Properties:
- Molecular Weight: TNF-α is a 17 kDa protein, while TNF-β is slightly larger.
- Structure: TNF-α is a trimeric protein, meaning it forms a complex of three identical subunits.
Expression Patterns:
- TNF-α: Expressed primarily by macrophages, but also by other immune cells such as T cells and natural killer cells.
- TNF-β: Expressed by activated lymphocytes.
Tissue Distribution:
- TNF is found in various tissues, including the spleen, liver, and adipose tissue. It is also present in the bloodstream during systemic inflammation.
Primary Biological Functions:
- Inflammation: TNF is a key mediator of inflammation, promoting the recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection or injury.
- Cell Death: TNF can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in certain cells, which is crucial for controlling infections and preventing cancer.
- Immune Response: TNF plays a role in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, enhancing the body’s ability to fight off pathogens.
Role in Immune Responses:
- Pathogen Recognition: TNF helps in recognizing and responding to pathogens by activating immune cells and promoting the production of other cytokines.
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells:
- Receptors: TNF exerts its effects by binding to two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are present on the surface of various cells.
- Binding Partners: TNF can interact with other cytokines and signaling molecules to amplify or modulate its effects.
Downstream Signaling Cascades:
- NF-κB Pathway: Activation of TNFR1 leads to the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which promotes the expression of genes involved in inflammation and cell survival.
- MAPK Pathway: TNF can also activate the MAPK pathway, leading to the production of inflammatory mediators.
Regulatory Mechanisms:
- Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of TNF is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors, including NF-κB and AP-1.
- Post-Translational Modifications: TNF undergoes several post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and cleavage, which can affect its activity and stability.
Biomedical Research:
- Disease Models: TNF is used in research to study inflammatory diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.
Diagnostic Tools:
- Biomarkers: Elevated levels of TNF in the blood can serve as biomarkers for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Therapeutic Strategies:
- Anti-TNF Therapies: Drugs that inhibit TNF, such as infliximab and etanercept, are used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and psoriasis.
Role Throughout the Life Cycle:
- Development: TNF is involved in embryonic development, particularly in the formation of the immune system.
- Aging: TNF levels can increase with age, contributing to age-related inflammation and diseases.
- Disease: Dysregulation of TNF is associated with various diseases, including chronic inflammatory conditions, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
