Product List

HBcAg (1-149)

Hepatitis B Virus Core (1-149 a.a) Recombinant

HBcAg subtype adw2 produced in E.Coli, is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 1-149 amino acids and having a molecular weight of approximately 20kDa. HBcAg adw2 1-149 protamine-like domain was truncated in order to enhance the differentiation of anti-HBe in ELISA test.
HBcAg is fused to a his tag and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9523
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.

HBe VLP

Hepatitis B Virus-e Virus Like Particle Recombinant

Recombinant hepatitis B Virus-e Virus Like Particle is produced in E.coli andhaving a molecular mass of approximately 18kDa. The HBe VLP is fused to a His tag and purified by proprietary chromatographic technique.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9602
Source

Escherichia Coli.

Appearance

Sterile Filtered clear solution.

HBeAg

Hepatitis B Virus e-Antigen Recombinant

Recombinant hepatitis B virus “e” antigen VLP (virus like particle)produced in E.coli, is a 149a.a protein and having a molecular mass of approximately 18kDa. The HBeAg sequence is derived from HBV adw2 and fused to His Tag at C-terminus.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9678
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance

HBV core (1-183)

Hepatitis B Virus Core (1-183 a.a.) Recombinant

The E.Coli derived 18 kDa recombinant protein contains the HBV core ayw immunodominant region, amino acids 1-183.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9775
Source
Appearance

HBV core (1-186)

Hepatitis B Virus Core (1-186 a.a.) Recombinant

The E.coli derived recombinant protein contains the HBV core immunodominant region amino acids 1-186, and fused to a His tag at N- terminus.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9886
Source
Appearance

HBV core delta

Hepatitis B Virus Core delta Recombinant

The E.coli derived 14kDa recombinant protein contains the HBV core delta ayw immunodominant region amino acids 1-144.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9970
Source
Appearance

HBV HBe

Hepatitis B Virus HBe Recombinant

The E.Coli derived recombinant protein contains the HBV HBe adw immunodominant region is fused to a GST tag and the Mw is 43,897.6 Dalton.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10058
Source
Appearance

HBV Pre-S

Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Recombinant

Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S produced in E.coli is a full length Pre-S of HBV subtype adw2, containing 174 amino acids, having a molecular weight of about 25kDa including a vector sequence and linked with a 6xHis tag at C- terminus.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10152
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered solution.

HBV-X

Hepatitis B Virus x Recombinant

Hepatitis B Virus Protein X is a 17kDa protein containing 154 amino acid residues and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10261
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance

HBV-X, His Tag

Hepatitis B Virus X Recombinant, His Tag

HBV-X Recombinant produced in E. coli is a single polypeptide chain containing 165 amino acids (2-154) and having a molecular mass of 17.8 kDa.
HBV-X is fused to a 12 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10347
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance

Introduction

Definition and Classification

Hepatitis B is a viral infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which primarily affects the liver. The infection can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term), leading to severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma . HBV is classified under the genus Orthohepadnavirus within the family Hepadnaviridae . The virus is further divided into four major serotypes (adr, adw, ayr, ayw) and ten genotypes (A-J), each with distinct geographical distributions .

Biological Properties

HBV is a partially double-stranded DNA virus with a diameter of approximately 42 nm . The virus consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core containing the viral DNA and a DNA polymerase . HBV primarily infects hepatocytes (liver cells), where it replicates and persists. The virus expresses several proteins, including the surface antigen (HBsAg), core antigen (HBcAg), and the X protein (HBx), which play crucial roles in its life cycle and pathogenicity .

Biological Functions

The primary function of HBV is to replicate within hepatocytes and produce new virions. HBV infection triggers immune responses, including the activation of cytotoxic T cells that target infected hepatocytes . The virus also modulates the host’s immune system to evade detection and establish chronic infection . HBx protein, in particular, is involved in regulating viral gene expression and interacting with host cellular pathways .

Modes of Action

HBV enters hepatocytes through the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) receptor . Once inside the cell, the virus’s relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) is converted into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as a template for viral transcription . The viral proteins interact with various host factors to facilitate replication and evade immune responses. For example, HBx protein binds to host proteins such as DDB1 and CUL4 to modulate transcription and degrade cellular restriction factors .

Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of HBV are tightly regulated at multiple levels. Transcriptional regulation involves the recruitment of host transcription factors and epigenetic modifications of cccDNA . HBx protein plays a pivotal role in this process by recruiting acetyltransferases and inhibiting histone deacetylases . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, also influence the stability and function of viral proteins .

Applications

HBV research has led to significant advancements in biomedical science. The development of the hepatitis B vaccine has been a major public health success, drastically reducing the incidence of HBV infection and related liver diseases . Diagnostic tools, such as serological assays for HBsAg and HBV DNA quantification, are essential for detecting and monitoring infection . Therapeutic strategies include antiviral drugs like nucleoside analogs and interferons, which suppress viral replication and improve liver function .

Role in the Life Cycle

HBV plays a critical role throughout its life cycle, from initial infection to chronic disease progression. During acute infection, the virus replicates rapidly, leading to liver inflammation and immune activation . In chronic infection, HBV persists in hepatocytes, causing ongoing liver damage and increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma . The virus’s ability to establish a stable cccDNA reservoir in the nucleus of infected cells is a key factor in its persistence and pathogenicity .

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