T.gondii MIC-3

Toxoplasma Gondii MIC 3 Recombinant

This recombinant protein, derived from Escherichia coli, encompasses the immunodominant regions of the MIC3 protein from Toxoplasma gondii, specifically amino acids 234 to 306. It is engineered with a 26 kDa Glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT7222
Source
Escherichia Coli.

Toxoplasma P22

Toxoplasma Gondii P22 (SAG2) Recombinant

Recombinant Toxoplasma Gondii P22 (SAG2), a full-length Surface antigen 2 (SAG2) protein, is produced in E. coli and fused with a 6xHis tag at the C-terminus.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8102
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear, sterile solution.

Toxoplasma P32

Toxoplasma Gondii P32 (GRA6) Recombinant

This product consists of a recombinant Toxoplasma gondii P32 (GRA6) protein expressed in E. coli. The protein comprises 180 amino acids of the Dense Granule Antigen 6 (GRA6) fused with a 6xHis tag at the C-terminus. Unlike other Toxoplasma antigens that are typically monomeric, this antigen forms dimers under denaturing conditions on SDS-PAGE, enhancing its immunoreactivity.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8180
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
The product is provided as a clear, sterile-filtered solution.

T.gondii p40

Toxoplasma Gondii p40 Recombinant

This recombinant Toxoplasma Gondii p40 protein, derived from E.Coli, has a molecular weight of 35kDa and a C-terminal 6 His tag. It serves as a valuable tool for detecting specific IgG and IgM antibodies in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT7938
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
The product is a sterile-filtered, clear solution.

T.gondii ROP4

Toxoplasma Gondii ROP4 (RH2) Mosaic Recombinant

This recombinant protein, derived from E. coli, is a mosaic encompassing immunodominant regions of the Toxoplasma gondii ROP4 (RH2) protein. It is expressed as a fusion protein with Glutathione transferase (GST).
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8014
Source
Escherichia Coli.

Toxoplasma P35

Toxoplasma Gondii P35 (GRA8) Recombinant

Recombinant Toxoplasma Gondii P35 (GRA8), encompassing 217 amino acids, was purified from E. coli. This protein is fused to a GST tag at its N-terminus and purified using a proprietary chromatographic method.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8252
Source

Escherichia Coli.

Appearance

Sterile Filtered clear solution.

T.gondii p24

Toxoplasma Gondii p24 (GRA1) Recombinant

This recombinant protein, derived from E. coli, encompasses the immunodominant regions of p24 (GRA1) from Toxoplasma gondii. It is engineered with a six-histidine tag fused at the C-terminus.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT7309
Source
Escherichia Coli.

T.gondii p29

Toxoplasma Gondii p29 (GRA7) Recombinant

This recombinant protein, derived from E. coli, encompasses the immunodominant regions of the p29 protein (also known as GRA7) from Toxoplasma gondii. It spans amino acids 24 to 100 and is fused to a 26kDa GST tag.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT7384
Source
Escherichia Coli.

T.gondii p30

Toxoplasma Gondii p30 (SAG1) Recombinant

T.gondii p30, a highly conformational antigen with 12 cysteine residues, is expressed with a C-terminal 6x His tag.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT7469
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Definition and Classification

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic protozoan belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. It is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease that can infect most warm-blooded animals, including humans. The definitive hosts for T. gondii are members of the family Felidae (domestic cats and their relatives), where the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: T. gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, meaning it must live within a host cell to survive. It exists in three forms: tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and oocysts . Tachyzoites are the rapidly multiplying form seen during acute infection, while bradyzoites are found within tissue cysts during chronic infection. Oocysts are shed in the feces of infected cats and are the form that can infect new hosts .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: T. gondii can infect a wide range of tissues, including neural and muscular tissues, such as the brain, eyes, and skeletal and cardiac muscles . The parasite’s ability to persist in the central nervous system (CNS) is particularly notable .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: T. gondii’s primary function is to replicate and spread within its host. It achieves this by invading host cells and forming a parasitophorous vacuole, where it can replicate safely .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: T. gondii can modulate the host’s immune response to facilitate its survival. It can evade the host’s immune system by altering the expression of immune-related genes and proteins . The parasite’s ability to persist in the CNS and other tissues is partly due to its ability to evade immune detection .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: T. gondii interacts with host cells through various mechanisms. It can manipulate the host cell’s cytoskeleton and signaling pathways to facilitate its entry and replication . The parasite’s surface proteins and secreted effectors play crucial roles in these interactions .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: T. gondii’s surface proteins, such as microneme and rhoptry proteins, are involved in the initial attachment and invasion of host cells . Once inside the host cell, the parasite can manipulate various signaling pathways to promote its survival and replication .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: T. gondii’s gene expression is tightly regulated to adapt to different stages of its life cycle. Transcriptional regulation involves various transcription factors and epigenetic modifications . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in regulating the activity of parasite proteins .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The parasite’s ability to switch between tachyzoite and bradyzoite forms is controlled by a complex network of transcriptional regulators and epigenetic modifications . These regulatory mechanisms ensure that the parasite can adapt to different host environments and stages of infection .

Applications in Biomedical Research

Diagnostic Tools: T. gondii infection can be diagnosed through serological tests that detect specific antibodies or through molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect parasite DNA . Advances in nanotechnology have also led to the development of novel diagnostic tools for toxoplasmosis .

Therapeutic Strategies: Current treatments for toxoplasmosis include antiparasitic drugs such as pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine . Research is ongoing to develop more effective and less toxic treatments, including peptide-based drugs and nanomedicine approaches .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: T. gondii has a complex life cycle involving both sexual and asexual reproduction. In the definitive host (cats), the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction to produce oocysts, which are shed in the feces . Intermediate hosts, including humans, become infected by ingesting oocysts or tissue cysts . Within the intermediate host, the parasite can switch between tachyzoite and bradyzoite forms, allowing it to persist for the host’s lifetime .

From Development to Aging and Disease: T. gondii infection can have various effects on the host, depending on the host’s immune status and the stage of infection. In immunocompetent individuals, the infection is often asymptomatic or causes mild flu-like symptoms . However, in immunocompromised individuals or during congenital infection, T. gondii can cause severe disease, including encephalitis and congenital abnormalities .

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