HPV 6

Human Papillomavirus 6 Recombinant

Recombinant HPV6 antigen is a protein with a molecular weight of 55.6kDa. It encompasses the full length of the HPV6 major capsid protein. A GST tag is fused to its N-terminus, resulting in a total molecular weight of 81.6kDa. The HPV6 protein was purified using a proprietary chromatographic technique.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29619
Source
E.Coli.
Appearance
Clear liquid solution, sterile filtered.

HPV16 E6

Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 Recombinant

Recombinant Papillomavirus 16 E6 antigen, produced in E. coli, comprises 159 amino acids encompassing the full length of HPV-16. It features a C-terminal fusion with a 6xHis tag, resulting in a total molecular weight of 21 kDa. The HPV16 protein underwent purification using a proprietary chromatographic technique.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29691
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear and sterile solution.

HPV 11

Human Papillomavirus 11 Recombinant

Recombinant HPV-11 antigen is a protein with a molecular weight of 58.1 kDa, encompassing the entire length of the HPV-11 major capsid protein. It has a GST tag fused to its N-terminus, resulting in a total molecular weight of 84 kDa. The purification of HPV-11 was carried out using a proprietary chromatographic method.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29388
Source
E.Coli.
Appearance
The product is a clear liquid, sterile filtered.

HPV 16

Human Papillomavirus 16 Recombinant

This recombinant HPV-16 antigen is a full-length protein produced in E. coli. It has a molecular weight (Mw) of 56.7 kDa and is fused to a GST-Tag, resulting in a total Mw of 82.7 kDa. Purification is achieved through standard chromatography techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29446
Source
E.Coli.
Appearance
The product is a clear liquid formulation that has been sterilized by filtration.

HPV 18

Human Papillomavirus 18 Recombinant

Recombinant HPV-18 is a full-length, large capsid protein with a molecular weight (Mw) of 55 kDa. It is expressed in E. coli and engineered with an N-terminal GST-tag, resulting in a total Mw of 78 kDa. Purification is achieved through standard chromatography techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT29536
Source
E.Coli
Appearance
The product is a clear liquid solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a diverse group of DNA viruses belonging to the family Papillomaviridae. They are known to infect the epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes in humans and various animals. There are over 200 identified types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which are classified into five genera: Alphapapillomavirus, Betapapillomavirus, Gammapapillomavirus, Mupapillomavirus, and Nupapillomavirus . These viruses are further categorized based on their oncogenic potential into high-risk types, which are associated with cancers, and low-risk types, which typically cause benign lesions like warts .

Biological Properties

HPVs are small, non-enveloped viruses with a circular double-stranded DNA genome. They exhibit tissue tropism, primarily infecting the basal layer of the stratified epithelium . The viral genome encodes early (E) proteins involved in viral replication and late (L) proteins that form the viral capsid . Expression patterns of HPV genes are tightly regulated and vary depending on the stage of the viral life cycle and the differentiation state of the host cell . HPVs are distributed across various tissues, including the skin, genital tract, and oropharyngeal region .

Biological Functions

The primary biological function of HPVs is to infect epithelial cells and replicate within them. High-risk HPVs, such as HPV16 and HPV18, are known to interfere with host cell cycle regulation by expressing oncoproteins E6 and E7, which inactivate tumor suppressor proteins p53 and Rb . This disruption can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and, ultimately, cancer . HPVs also play a role in immune evasion by modulating the host’s immune response, allowing persistent infection .

Modes of Action

HPVs enter the host through microabrasions in the epithelium and establish infection in the basal cells . The viral E6 and E7 proteins are key players in the virus’s oncogenic mechanisms. E6 promotes the degradation of p53, while E7 binds to and inactivates Rb, leading to cell cycle dysregulation . These interactions trigger downstream signaling cascades that promote cell proliferation and survival, contributing to the development of malignancies .

Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of HPV genes are regulated at multiple levels. Transcriptional regulation involves the viral upstream regulatory region (URR), which contains promoter and enhancer elements . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, also play a role in modulating the stability and function of viral proteins . Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification, influence viral gene expression and the progression of the viral life cycle .

Applications

HPVs have significant applications in biomedical research, particularly in understanding viral oncogenesis and developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. HPV vaccines, such as the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines, have been highly effective in preventing infections with high-risk HPV types and reducing the incidence of cervical cancer . Diagnostic tools, including HPV DNA tests and Pap smears, are crucial for early detection and management of HPV-associated diseases . Therapeutic strategies targeting HPV oncoproteins and immune modulation are also being explored .

Role in the Life Cycle

The HPV life cycle is closely linked to the differentiation of the host epithelial cells . The virus infects basal cells, where it establishes a persistent infection and maintains its genome as an episome . As the infected cells differentiate and move towards the epithelial surface, the virus undergoes genome amplification, late gene expression, and virion assembly . The mature virions are eventually released from the shedding epithelial cells, ready to infect new hosts . Throughout the life cycle, HPVs can evade the host immune response, contributing to persistent infections and the potential for malignant transformation .

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