Anhui H7N9

Hemagglutinin-Influenza A Virus H7N9 Anhui 2013 Recombinant

Produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, Anhui H7N9 is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 330 amino acids (19-339 aa) and having a molecular mass of 36 kDa. Anhui H7N9 is fused to a 6 amino acid His tag at the C-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25184
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

H1N1 Beijing

H1N1 Influenza-A Virus Beijing/262/95

This product contains allantoic fluid harvested from 10-day-old embryonated eggs inoculated with the A/Beijing/262/95 strain of Influenza A virus. The virus was purified using ultracentrifugation with a 10-40% sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT25259
Appearance
Opaque suspension

H3N2 Kiev

H3N2 Influenza-A Virus Kiev/301/94

This product contains allantoic fluid from 10-day-old embryonated eggs inoculated with the influenza A virus strain A/Kiev/301/94-like/Johannesburg/33/94. The influenza virus underwent purification through ultracentrifugation using a 10-40% sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT26275
Appearance
The product is a sterile, colorless solution.

H3N2 Panama

H3N2 Influenza-A Virus Panama/2007/99

This product consists of allantoic fluid harvested from 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs that were inoculated with the influenza A virus strain A/Panama/2007/99. The virus was then purified using ultracentrifugation with a 10-40% sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT26343
Appearance
Opaque suspension

Influenza-A Solomon Islands

H1N1 Influenza-A Virus Solomon Islands/03/06

This product contains allantoic fluid harvested from 10-day-old embryonated eggs that were inoculated with the A/Solomon Islands/03/06 strain of influenza A virus. The virus was then isolated and purified using ultracentrifugation with a 10-40% sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27398
Appearance
A clear, sterile-filtered solution.

Influenza-B Florida

Influenza-B Virus Florida 07/04

This product contains purified Influenza B virus (strain B/Florida/07/04) propagated in and purified from allantoic fluid of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. The purification process involved ultracentrifugation using a 10-40% sucrose density gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27500
Appearance
The product appears as a clear, sterile-filtered solution.

Influenza-B Jilin

Influenza-B Virus Jilin 20/2003 Recombinant

Recombinant Full-Length B/Jilin/20/2003, glycosylated with N-linked sugars, is produced in insect cells using baculovirus vectors.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27596
Source
Baculovirus Insect Cells.
Appearance
Sterile, colorless solution.

Influenza-B Malaysia

Influenza-B Virus Malaysia/2506/04

This product consists of allantoic fluid obtained from 10-day-old embryonated eggs inoculated with the B/Malaysia/2506/04 strain of influenza B virus. The virus was purified using ultracentrifugation with a 10-40% sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27680
Appearance
The product appears as a sterile, colorless solution after filtration.

Influenza-B Qingdao

Influenza-B Virus Qingdao/102/91

This product consists of allantoic fluid derived from 10-day-old embryonated eggs inoculated with the B/Qingdao/102/91 strain of Influenza B virus. The virus was purified using ultracentrifugation with a 10-40% sucrose gradient.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT27773
Appearance
A sterile-filtered, colorless solution.

H3N2 Canine

Hemagglutinin-Influenza A Virus H3N2 Canine Recombinant

Canine H3N2, produced using Sf9 insect cells and a baculovirus expression system, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 336 amino acids (specifically, positions 18 to 344), resulting in a molecular mass of 36.9kDa. Note that on SDS-PAGE, the apparent size will be between 40-57kDa due to glycosylation. The protein includes a 6 amino acid Histidine tag at the C-terminus to facilitate purification, which is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT26024
Source

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

Appearance
A clear, colorless liquid that has been sterilized by filtration.
Definition and Classification

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. It primarily affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. Influenza viruses are classified into four types: A, B, C, and D. Among these, Influenza A and B are the most common and are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics. Influenza A viruses are further subtyped based on the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins on their surface, such as H1N1 and H3N2.

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: Influenza viruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family. They have a segmented genome, which allows for genetic reassortment and high mutation rates.

Expression Patterns: Influenza viruses express several proteins, including HA, NA, matrix proteins (M1 and M2), nucleoprotein (NP), and non-structural proteins (NS1 and NS2).

Tissue Distribution: Influenza primarily infects epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. The virus binds to sialic acid receptors on the surface of these cells, facilitating entry and replication.

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of influenza viruses is to replicate within host cells and produce progeny virions. This process involves the hijacking of the host’s cellular machinery to synthesize viral RNA and proteins.

Role in Immune Responses: Influenza viruses trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune response includes the production of interferons and other cytokines, while the adaptive immune response involves the activation of B cells and T cells to produce antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Pathogen Recognition: Influenza viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which detect viral RNA and initiate immune signaling pathways.

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Influenza viruses interact with host cell receptors, primarily sialic acid residues, to gain entry. Once inside, the viral RNA is released into the host cell’s cytoplasm, where it is transcribed and replicated.

Binding Partners: The HA protein binds to sialic acid receptors on host cells, while the NA protein helps release newly formed virions by cleaving sialic acid residues.

Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon recognition by PRRs, signaling cascades such as the NF-κB and IRF pathways are activated, leading to the production of interferons and other cytokines that mediate antiviral responses.

Regulatory Mechanisms

Transcriptional Regulation: The transcription of viral RNA is regulated by the viral RNA polymerase complex, which consists of the PB1, PB2, and PA proteins. This complex recognizes and binds to the viral RNA promoter regions.

Post-Translational Modifications: Influenza viral proteins undergo various post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, which are essential for their function and stability.

Applications

Biomedical Research: Influenza viruses are extensively studied in biomedical research to understand viral pathogenesis, host immune responses, and mechanisms of viral evolution.

Diagnostic Tools: Rapid diagnostic tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viral culture are commonly used to detect influenza infections.

Therapeutic Strategies: Antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are used to treat influenza. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, with annual flu vaccines formulated to target the most prevalent strains.

Role in the Life Cycle
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