Product List

OmpA S.Enteritidis

Salmonella Enteritidis Outer Membrane Protein-A Recombinant

The Recombinant  Salmonella Enteritidis Outer Membrane Protein A, E.Coli derived, 330 amino acids, contains the ompA immunodominant regions. The protein is fused to a His tag at C-terminal and purified by standard chromatography techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT9940
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.

S.Typhi H

Salmonella Typhi H Antigen Recombinant

Recombinant Salmonella Typhi H Antigen produced in E.coli is full length flagellin sequence and fused to a 6 His Tag at C-terminus, migrating as a 35kDa band on SDS-PAGE.
S. typhi H antigen is a flagellin protein, which strongly reacts to specific IgM and IgG produced in infected patients.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10023
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered solution.

S.Typhi HylE

Salmonella Typhi Haemolysin E Recombinant

Recombinant S.Typhi HylE produced in E.coli is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 34 kDa and fused to a His tag at N-terminus.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10101
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

S.Typhi OMP

Salmonella Typhi Outer Membrane Protein Recombinant

Recombinant Salmonella Typhi Outer Membrane Protein produced in E.coli contains 315 amino acids, and fused to a 6 His Tag at C-terminus, migrating as a 33kDa band on SDS-PAGE.
S. typhi outer membrane protein is a central pathogen in S. typhi infection, and is directly exposed to the outside to interact with the human immune system.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10197
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered solution.

S.Typhi OMP 52kDa

Salmonella Typhi Outer Membrane Protein 52kDa Recombinant

Recombinant S.Typhi OMP produced in E.coli is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain having a molecular mass of 52 kDa and fused to a His tag at C-terminus.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT10265
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes typhoid fever, a life-threatening illness. It belongs to the species Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica and is classified under the serovar Typhi . S. Typhi is highly adapted to humans and does not have a known animal reservoir .

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: S. Typhi is a rod-shaped, flagellated bacterium that is capable of surviving in harsh environments. It forms biofilms, which contribute to its persistence and resistance to antibiotics .

Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: S. Typhi primarily infects the intestinal tract but can spread to the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and gallbladder . It is known for its ability to evade the host’s immune system and establish a systemic infection .

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: S. Typhi’s primary function is to infect and replicate within human hosts. It achieves this by invading intestinal epithelial cells and spreading through the bloodstream to other organs .

Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: S. Typhi has evolved mechanisms to evade the host’s immune responses. It secretes a toxin that disrupts immune cell function, allowing the bacteria to spread and cause disease .

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: S. Typhi uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into host cells, manipulating host cell processes to facilitate infection .

Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: The bacterium’s toxin binds to specific sugars on the surface of immune cells, allowing it to enter and disable these cells . This interaction disrupts the host’s innate immune response and limits the development of adaptive immunity .

Regulatory Mechanisms

Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: S. Typhi tightly regulates the expression of its virulence factors to avoid detection by the host’s immune system . The regulatory protein TviA plays a crucial role in repressing the expression of the T3SS, preventing the activation of inflammatory responses .

Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The expression of virulence genes in S. Typhi is controlled at the transcriptional level by regulatory proteins like TviA . Post-translational modifications of these proteins further fine-tune their activity to ensure successful infection .

Applications

Biomedical Research: S. Typhi is used as a model organism to study host-pathogen interactions and the mechanisms of bacterial infection .

Diagnostic Tools: Serological tests, such as the Widal test, are used to detect antibodies against S. Typhi in patients . However, these tests have limitations and are often supplemented with molecular diagnostic techniques .

Therapeutic Strategies: Phage therapy is being explored as an alternative to antibiotics for treating S. Typhi infections, especially in the face of rising antibiotic resistance .

Role in the Life Cycle

Role Throughout the Life Cycle: S. Typhi’s life cycle involves transmission through contaminated food or water, infection of the human host, and shedding of bacteria in feces . During infection, the bacteria can persist in the gallbladder, leading to chronic carriage and potential transmission to others .

S. Typhi’s ability to form biofilms and evade the immune system allows it to persist in the host and contribute to the spread of typhoid fever .

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