Cytokines
Product List
Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-10 (Il10) (Active)
The recombinant mouse IL10 protein was produced using an E. coli expression system. The gene fragment encoding amino acids 19-178 of mouse IL10 was inserted into a plasmid vector and subsequently transfected into E. coli for expression. The resulting product underwent purification using affinity chromatography. Its purity exceeds 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis, and its endotoxin content is below 0.01 EU/µg as measured by the LAL method. This recombinant mouse IL10 protein has been validated as an active protein with an ED50 of 6 ng/ml as determined in a cell proliferation assay using FDC-P1 mouse bone marrow cells.
Mouse IL10 is a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses in mice. It is primarily produced by various immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and macrophages. IL10 is known for its ability to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive tissue damage during inflammatory responses [1][2][3].
In cancer research, IL10 has been shown to enhance tumor immunity by promoting T-cell responses and inhibiting tumor metastasis [1]. It is also involved in regulating B cell functions, supporting the development of regulatory B cells that produce IL10 in response to specific stimuli, thus contributing to the suppression of autoimmune responses and maintaining tolerance [4][5]. IL10's ability to limit inflammatory responses is essential in preventing tissue damage during autoimmune attacks. In models of autoimmune diseases, IL10 has been shown to regulate the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, influencing disease progression [2][4].
References:
[1] Hu, W. (2021). The central thαβ immunity associated cytokine: il-10 has a strong anti-tumor ability toward established cancer models in vivo and toward cancer cells in vitro. Frontiers in Oncology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.655554
[2] Horikawa, M., Minard‐Colin, V., Matsushita, T., & Tedder, T. (2011). Regulatory b cell production of il-10 inhibits lymphoma depletion during cd20 immunotherapy in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 121(11), 4268-4280. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci59266
[3] Bouabe, H., Liu, Y., Moser, M., Bösl, M., & Heesemann, J. (2011). Novel highly sensitive il-10–β-lactamase reporter mouse reveals cells of the innate immune system as a substantial source of il-10 in vivo. The Journal of Immunology, 187(6), 3165-3176. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1101477
[4] Yanaba, K., Bouaziz, J., Matsushita, T., Tsubata, T., & Tedder, T. (2009). The development and function of regulatory b cells expressing il-10 (b10 cells) requires antigen receptor diversity and tlr signals. The Journal of Immunology, 182(12), 7459-7472. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0900270
[5] Iwata, Y., Matsushita, T., Horikawa, M., DiLillo, D., Yanaba, K., Venturiet al. (2011). Characterization of a rare il-10–competent b-cell subset in humans that parallels mouse regulatory b10 cells. Blood, 117(2), 530-541. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-07-294249
Introduction
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines, which are secreted proteins and signal molecules primarily produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). They play a crucial role in the immune system by mediating communication between cells . The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins . Interleukins are classified based on their structure and function, with common families including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 .
Key Biological Properties: Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages . They induce T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augment neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promote B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Interleukins are produced by various cell types, including immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes . They are expressed in different tissues, such as the bone marrow, thymus, and other epithelial cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Interleukins modulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and immune responses . They play a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Interleukins are involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis . They help coordinate the body’s response to infections, inflammation, and other immune challenges .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Interleukins interact with specific cell surface receptors to stimulate target cells . For example, IL-6 controls leucocyte recruitment, determines the activity and maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate, and drives various innate and adaptive immune responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Interleukins bind to their respective receptors, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways . These signaling cascades lead to various cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of interleukins are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. For example, IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways and molecular signals downstream of the IL-10 receptor .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Interleukins undergo transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications to ensure proper function. These modifications can include phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage .
Biomedical Research: Interleukins are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis .
Diagnostic Tools: Interleukins serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Interleukins are used in therapeutic strategies, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases . For example, engineered cytokines from the IL-2 family have shown significant effects in tumor immunotherapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Interleukins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They regulate hematopoiesis, immune responses, and inflammation . For instance, IL-5 regulates eosinophil proliferation and differentiation, while IL-1 is involved in inflammatory responses .
