Cytokines
Product List
IL13RA1 Human
Interleukin 13 Receptor Alpha 1 Human Recombinant
IL1B Canine
Interleukin-1 beta Canine Recombinant
Recombinant Canine IL-1β, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 153 amino acids (residues 114-265). It has a molecular weight of 17.5 kDa.
The product appears as a sterile, colorless solution that has been filtered for sterilization.
IL1B Mouse, His Active
Interleukin-1 beta Human Recombinant, His Tag BioActive
IL21R Human
Interleukin-21 Receptor Human Recombinant
IL21R Mouse
Interleukin-21 Receptor Mouse Recombinant
IL-21R Mouse Recombinant is a genetically engineered protein produced in HEK293 cells, a human embryonic kidney cell line widely used for protein expression. This recombinant protein consists of the extracellular domain of mouse IL-21R fused to a human IgG-His-Tag at the C-terminus. The extracellular domain of IL-21R is responsible for binding to IL-21, while the human IgG-His-Tag facilitates protein purification and detection. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 52 kDa, and it appears as a colorless solution after sterile filtration. The purity of the protein is greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.
HEK293 Cells.
Sterile, clear, and colorless solution.
IL-22 Antagonist Mouse
Interleukin-22 Antagonist (E117A) Mouse Recombinant
IL22 Human, Sf9
Interleukin-22 Mouse Recombinant, Sf9
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
IL23R Human
Interleukin-23 Receptor Human Recombinant
IL31 Canine, His
Interleukin-31 Canine Recombinant, His Tag
Recombinant Canine IL31, expressed in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 142 amino acids (residues 24-159). It has a molecular mass of 16.1kDa, although it may appear between 18-28kDa on SDS-PAGE due to glycosylation. The protein includes a 6 amino acid His-Tag fused at the C-terminus to facilitate purification, which is achieved through proprietary chromatographic methods.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
IL13RA2 Human
Interleukin 13 Receptor, Alpha 2 Human Recombinant
Introduction
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines, which are secreted proteins and signal molecules primarily produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). They play a crucial role in the immune system by mediating communication between cells . The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins . Interleukins are classified based on their structure and function, with common families including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 .
Key Biological Properties: Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages . They induce T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augment neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promote B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Interleukins are produced by various cell types, including immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes . They are expressed in different tissues, such as the bone marrow, thymus, and other epithelial cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Interleukins modulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and immune responses . They play a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Interleukins are involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis . They help coordinate the body’s response to infections, inflammation, and other immune challenges .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Interleukins interact with specific cell surface receptors to stimulate target cells . For example, IL-6 controls leucocyte recruitment, determines the activity and maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate, and drives various innate and adaptive immune responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Interleukins bind to their respective receptors, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways . These signaling cascades lead to various cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of interleukins are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. For example, IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways and molecular signals downstream of the IL-10 receptor .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Interleukins undergo transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications to ensure proper function. These modifications can include phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage .
Biomedical Research: Interleukins are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis .
Diagnostic Tools: Interleukins serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Interleukins are used in therapeutic strategies, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases . For example, engineered cytokines from the IL-2 family have shown significant effects in tumor immunotherapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Interleukins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They regulate hematopoiesis, immune responses, and inflammation . For instance, IL-5 regulates eosinophil proliferation and differentiation, while IL-1 is involved in inflammatory responses .
