Growth Factors
Product List
Prolactin Rat
Prolactin Rat Recombinant
Prolactin Mouse
Prolactin Mouse Recombinant
Prolactin Ovine, His
Ovine Prolactin Recombinant, His Tag
Prolactin Rabbit
Prolactin Rabbit Recombinant
Prolactin Human, PEG
Prolactin Pegylated Human Recombinant
Recombinant Human Prolactin, in its pegylated form, is produced in E. coli. It exists as a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 199 amino acids, with an additional Alanine at the N-terminal. With a molecular weight of approximately 39 kDa, Pegylated Prolactin is mono-pegylated. Notably, under non-denaturing conditions, it exhibits a behavior akin to a 220 kDa protein due to its enhanced hydrodynamic volume.
The purification of the Pegylated Prolactin protein is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Prolactin Mouse, His
Prolactin Mouse Recombinant, His Tag
Prolactin Ovine
Prolactin Ovine Recombinant
Prolactin Ovine Antagonist
Prolactin Ovine Antagonsit Recombinant
Prolactin Ovine Antagonist, Mutant
Prolactin Antagonist Ovine Recombinant, Mutant
Prolactin Chicken, PEG
Prolactin Pegylated Chicken Recombinant
Recombinant Pegylated Chicken Prolactin, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 199 amino acids and an additional alanine at the N-terminal. This pegylated prolactin is mono-pegylated with a molecular mass of approximately 39 kDa. However, under non-denaturing conditions, it exhibits a behavior similar to a 220 kDa protein due to its increased hydrodynamic volume.
The purification of the pegylated prolactin protein is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Prolactin (PRL), also known as lactotropin and mammotropin, is a protein hormone primarily associated with lactation in mammals . It is encoded by the PRL gene and is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland . Prolactin belongs to the family of lactogenic hormones, which also includes growth hormone and placental lactogens .
Key Biological Properties: Prolactin is a multifunctional hormone with over 300 known biological activities . It is involved in reproductive, metabolic, osmoregulatory, and immunoregulatory processes .
Expression Patterns: Prolactin is primarily produced by lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland, but it is also synthesized in various extrapituitary sites, including the immune system, brain, and mammary glands .
Tissue Distribution: Prolactin receptors are widely distributed throughout the body, including the mammary glands, liver, ovaries, prostate, and immune cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Prolactin’s primary role is to stimulate milk production (lactation) in mammals . It also plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system, pancreatic development, and metabolism .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Prolactin acts as a cytokine-like molecule, influencing the immune response by modulating the activity of immune cells and enhancing pathogen recognition .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Prolactin exerts its effects by binding to prolactin receptors (PRLR) on the surface of target cells . This binding activates several intracellular signaling pathways, including the JAK2/STAT5, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Upon binding to its receptor, prolactin induces receptor dimerization and activation of downstream signaling cascades, leading to changes in gene expression and cellular functions .
Control of Expression and Activity: Prolactin secretion is primarily regulated by dopamine, which inhibits its release from the pituitary gland . Other factors, such as estrogen and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, can stimulate prolactin release .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: The expression of prolactin is controlled at the transcriptional level by various promoters and regulatory elements . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in modulating prolactin’s activity .
Biomedical Research: Prolactin is widely studied in biomedical research for its roles in lactation, reproduction, and immune regulation .
Diagnostic Tools: Measurement of prolactin levels is used in the diagnosis of pituitary tumors, infertility, and other endocrine disorders .
Therapeutic Strategies: Prolactin and its receptor are potential targets for therapeutic interventions in conditions such as breast cancer, hyperprolactinemia, and autoimmune diseases .
Development to Aging and Disease: Prolactin plays a vital role throughout the life cycle, from prenatal development to aging . It is involved in the development of the mammary glands, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of pregnancy . Prolactin levels can also influence the progression of certain diseases, such as prolactinomas and breast cancer .
