Product List

TGFA Human

Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha Human Recombinant

TGFA Human Recombinant (40-89) produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 50 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 5.6kDa. The TGFA is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT2534
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

TGFB1 (113 a.a.) Human

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (113 a.a.) Human Recombinant

TGF-b 1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 113 amino acids (279-390 a.a.) and having a total molecular mass of 12.9 kDa.
TGF-b 1 (113 a.a.) is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT2615
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

TGFB1 Human

Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 Human

Human Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 purified from Human Platelets having a molecular mass of 25kDa.
The TGF-b 1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT2720
Source
Human Platelets.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered lyophilized powder.

TGFB1 Human Recombinant

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Human Recombinant

TGFB1 Human Recombinant produced in CHO cells is a glycosylated homodimeric polypeptide chain containing 2 x 112 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 25.6kDa. The TGFB1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT2793
Source

CHO cells.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

TGFB1 Human, His

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Human Recombinant, His Tag

TGF-b 1 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 112 amino acids fragment (279-390) having a molecular weight of 17.3kDa and fused with a 4.5kDa amino-terminal hexahistidine tag.
The TGF-b 1 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT3116
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.

TGFB1 Mouse

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Mouse Recombinant

TGFB1 Mouse Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 135 amino acids (279-390 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 15.2kDa.
TGFB1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4603
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

TGFB2 Human

Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2 Human Recombinant

TGFB2 Human Recombinant produced in plants is a homodimeric polypeptide chain containing 2 x 118 amino acids and having a total molecular mass of 27.08kDa. The TGFB2 is fused to 6xHis Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4700
Source
Nicotiana benthamiana.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

TGFB2 Human, HEK

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 2 Human Recombinant, HEK

TGF-b 2 Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a non-glycosylated homodimer, having a total molecular weight of 25kDa.
The TGF-b 2 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4785
Source
HEK.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

TGFB3 (207 a.a.) Human

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 3 (207 a.a.) Human Recombinant

TGFB3 Human Recombinant protein encoding amino acids 644-850 and total molecular mass of 50 kDa (Including GST Tag).
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4853
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.

TGFB3 (24-412 a.a.) Human

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 3 (24-412 a.a.) Human Recombinant

TGFB3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 412 amino acids (24-412 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 47.2kDa.
TGFB3 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT4947
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) refers to a group of proteins that play crucial roles in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. TGFs are classified into two main types: TGF-α and TGF-β. TGF-α is primarily involved in epithelial cell proliferation, while TGF-β has a broader range of functions, including regulation of immune responses and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.

Biological Properties

Key Biological Properties: TGFs are multifunctional cytokines that influence various cellular activities. They are involved in cell growth, differentiation, and repair processes.

Expression Patterns: TGF-β is expressed in almost all cell types, whereas TGF-α expression is more restricted, primarily found in epithelial cells and certain tumor cells.

Tissue Distribution: TGF-β is ubiquitously distributed across various tissues, including the immune system, skin, and connective tissues. TGF-α is mainly found in tissues with high regenerative capacity, such as the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

Biological Functions

Primary Biological Functions: TGFs are essential for regulating cell growth and differentiation. TGF-β, in particular, plays a critical role in wound healing, fibrosis, and immune regulation.

Role in Immune Responses: TGF-β modulates immune responses by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes and macrophages. It also promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells, which help maintain immune tolerance.

Pathogen Recognition: TGF-β can influence the immune system’s ability to recognize and respond to pathogens by modulating the activity of various immune cells.

Modes of Action

Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: TGFs interact with specific receptors on the cell surface, initiating a cascade of intracellular signaling events. TGF-β binds to TGF-β receptors, leading to the activation of Smad proteins, which translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene expression.

Binding Partners: TGF-β interacts with various co-receptors and binding proteins, such as betaglycan and endoglin, which modulate its activity and signaling.

Downstream Signaling Cascades: The TGF-β signaling pathway involves the phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), which form complexes with common-partner Smads (Co-Smads) and translocate to the nucleus to regulate target gene expression.

Regulatory Mechanisms

Expression and Activity Control: The expression and activity of TGFs are tightly regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications.

Transcriptional Regulation: TGF-β gene expression is controlled by various transcription factors and regulatory elements within its promoter region.

Post-Translational Modifications: TGF-β undergoes several post-translational modifications, such as proteolytic cleavage and glycosylation, which are essential for its activation and function.

Applications

Biomedical Research: TGFs are widely studied in biomedical research due to their roles in cell growth, differentiation, and immune regulation. They are used as tools to understand various cellular processes and disease mechanisms.

Diagnostic Tools: Elevated levels of TGF-β are associated with various diseases, including cancer and fibrosis, making it a potential biomarker for diagnostic purposes.

Therapeutic Strategies: TGFs are being explored as therapeutic targets for treating diseases such as cancer, fibrosis, and autoimmune disorders. Inhibitors of TGF-β signaling are being developed to counteract its pro-fibrotic and immunosuppressive effects.

Role in the Life Cycle

Development: TGFs play crucial roles in embryonic development, including the formation of the extracellular matrix and the regulation of cell differentiation.

Aging: TGF-β signaling is implicated in the aging process, particularly in the context of tissue repair and fibrosis. Dysregulation of TGF-β signaling can contribute to age-related diseases.

Disease: Aberrant TGF-β signaling is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the role of TGFs in these diseases can provide insights into potential therapeutic interventions.

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