Cytokines
Product List
IL-1 Alpha Rat, His Active
Interleukin-1 alpha Rat Recombinant, His Tag Active
IL10 Human
Interleukin-10 Human Recombinant
IL-10 Human, Sf9
Interleukin 10 Human Recombinant, Sf9, Active
Produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, IL-10 Human is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 19.4kDa. It comprises 166 amino acids (19-178 aa). The protein includes a 6 amino acid His tag at the C-terminus and undergoes purification using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL10RA Human
Interleukin 10 Receptor Alpha Human Recombinant
IL10RA Human, Active
Interleukin 10 Receptor Alpha Human Recombinant, BioActive
IL10RA Human, produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain composed of 220 amino acids (22-235 aa). With a molecular weight of 25.2 kDa, it features a 6 amino acid His tag fused at the C-terminus. The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL15RA Human
Interleukin 15 Receptor Alpha, Recombinant Human
IL15RA, as produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, is a single polypeptide chain that has been glycosylated. It consists of amino acids 31-205 and is fused at its C-terminus to a 242 amino acid hIgG-His Tag. This results in a protein with a total of 417 amino acids and a molecular weight of 45.6kDa.
When subjected to SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, IL15RA exhibits multiple bands with molecular weights ranging from 57-70kDa. It is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
IL-12 Human
Interleukin-12 Human Recombinant
IL12 Human, His
Interleukin 12 His Tag Human Recombinant
IL17D Human
Interleukin-17D Human Recombinant
IL-17E Human, HEK
Interleukin-17E Human Recombinant, HEK
Recombinant human IL-17E, produced in HEK293 cells, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 154 amino acids (33-177). It has a molecular weight of 17.8 kDa. The protein includes a C-terminal 6-histidine tag and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Introduction
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines, which are secreted proteins and signal molecules primarily produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). They play a crucial role in the immune system by mediating communication between cells . The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins . Interleukins are classified based on their structure and function, with common families including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 .
Key Biological Properties: Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages . They induce T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augment neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promote B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Interleukins are produced by various cell types, including immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes . They are expressed in different tissues, such as the bone marrow, thymus, and other epithelial cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Interleukins modulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and immune responses . They play a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Interleukins are involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis . They help coordinate the body’s response to infections, inflammation, and other immune challenges .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Interleukins interact with specific cell surface receptors to stimulate target cells . For example, IL-6 controls leucocyte recruitment, determines the activity and maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate, and drives various innate and adaptive immune responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Interleukins bind to their respective receptors, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways . These signaling cascades lead to various cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of interleukins are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. For example, IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways and molecular signals downstream of the IL-10 receptor .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Interleukins undergo transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications to ensure proper function. These modifications can include phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage .
Biomedical Research: Interleukins are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis .
Diagnostic Tools: Interleukins serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Interleukins are used in therapeutic strategies, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases . For example, engineered cytokines from the IL-2 family have shown significant effects in tumor immunotherapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Interleukins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They regulate hematopoiesis, immune responses, and inflammation . For instance, IL-5 regulates eosinophil proliferation and differentiation, while IL-1 is involved in inflammatory responses .
