Cytokines
Product List
IL 3 Human
Interleukin-3 Human Recombinant
IL 3 Human, His
Interleukin-3 Human Recombinant, His Tag
IL 4 Human
Interleukin-4 Human Recombinant
IL 4 Human, HEK
Interleukin-4 Human Recombinant, HEK
IL17A Canine
Interleukin 17A Canine Recombinant
Canine IL17A Recombinant Protein is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain produced in HEK293 cells. It consists of 133 amino acids (29-155a.a) and has a molecular weight of 15.6 kDa. The protein is expressed with a 6 amino acid His tag at the C-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
HEK293 cells.
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized through filtration.
IL17A Human, Sf9
Interleukin 17A Human Recombinant, Sf9
IL17A Mouse, Sf9
Interleukin-17A, Sf9 Mouse Recombinant
Produced in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression system, IL17A Mouse is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 141 amino acids (26-158 a.a) with a molecular weight of 16kDa. An 8 amino acid His tag is fused to the C-terminus to facilitate purification, which is carried out using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
IL17B Human, His
Interleukin-17B Human Recombinant, His Tag
IL17B Human, Sf9
Interleukin-17B Human Recombinant, Sf9
IL18R1 Human
Interleukin-18 Receptor-1 Recombinant Human
Produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells, IL18R1 is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 62.7kDa. The protein consists of 550 amino acids, with amino acids 19-329 forming the IL18R1 sequence. A 239 amino acid hIgG-His tag is present at the C-terminus. Purification is achieved through proprietary chromatographic techniques. On SDS-PAGE, IL18R1 appears at a size of approximately 70-100kDa.
Introduction
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines, which are secreted proteins and signal molecules primarily produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). They play a crucial role in the immune system by mediating communication between cells . The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins . Interleukins are classified based on their structure and function, with common families including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 .
Key Biological Properties: Interleukins are biologically active glycoproteins derived primarily from activated lymphocytes and macrophages . They induce T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, augment neutrophil, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, and promote B lymphocyte and multilineage bone marrow stem-cell precursor growth and differentiation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Interleukins are produced by various cell types, including immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes . They are expressed in different tissues, such as the bone marrow, thymus, and other epithelial cells .
Primary Biological Functions: Interleukins modulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of immune cells during inflammatory and immune responses . They play a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Interleukins are involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis . They help coordinate the body’s response to infections, inflammation, and other immune challenges .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Interleukins interact with specific cell surface receptors to stimulate target cells . For example, IL-6 controls leucocyte recruitment, determines the activity and maintenance of the inflammatory infiltrate, and drives various innate and adaptive immune responses .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Interleukins bind to their respective receptors, triggering downstream signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways . These signaling cascades lead to various cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of interleukins are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. For example, IL-10 production is regulated by metabolic pathways and molecular signals downstream of the IL-10 receptor .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Interleukins undergo transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications to ensure proper function. These modifications can include phosphorylation, glycosylation, and cleavage .
Biomedical Research: Interleukins are extensively studied in biomedical research for their roles in immune regulation and disease pathogenesis .
Diagnostic Tools: Interleukins serve as biomarkers for various diseases, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression .
Therapeutic Strategies: Interleukins are used in therapeutic strategies, such as cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune diseases . For example, engineered cytokines from the IL-2 family have shown significant effects in tumor immunotherapy .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Interleukins play essential roles throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease. They regulate hematopoiesis, immune responses, and inflammation . For instance, IL-5 regulates eosinophil proliferation and differentiation, while IL-1 is involved in inflammatory responses .
