Carbonic Anhydrase X Human Recombinant
HEK293 Cells.
Carbonic Anhydrase XI Human Recombinant
Carbonic Anhydrase XII Human Recombinant
Carbonic Anhydrase XIII Human Recombinant
Carbonic Anhydrase XIV Human Recombinant
Carbonic Anhydrase-1 E.Coli Recombinant
Recombinant CA1 from E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 240 amino acids, with amino acids 1-220 representing the CA1 protein, and has a molecular weight of 27.0 kDa. The protein is expressed in E. coli and purified using proprietary chromatographic methods. A 20 amino acid His-Tag is fused to the N-terminus to aid in purification.
Carbonic Anhydrase-1 Human Recombinant
Carbonic Anhydrase-1 Human Recombinant, BioActive
Recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) was expressed in E. coli. The non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprises 281 amino acids (residues 1-261), resulting in a molecular weight of 31.0 kDa.
The N-terminus of human CA1 is fused to a 20 amino acid His-Tag. Purification is achieved through proprietary chromatographic methods.
Carbonic Anhydrase III Human Recombinant
Carbonic Anhydrase II E.coli Recombinant
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and protons (H⁺) . This enzyme is crucial for maintaining acid-base balance and facilitating CO₂ transport in various organisms. CAs are classified into several distinct families based on their structure and evolutionary origin: α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, and θ . The α-family is predominant in humans, while other families are found in plants, algae, and bacteria .
Key Biological Properties: Carbonic anhydrase is characterized by its high catalytic efficiency and the presence of a zinc ion at its active site . This enzyme is involved in rapid interconversion between CO₂ and bicarbonate, which is essential for various physiological processes .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: CA is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues, including red blood cells, kidneys, lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract . Different isoforms of CA are distributed in specific tissues, reflecting their specialized functions. For example, CA II is abundant in red blood cells, while CA IV is found in the kidneys and lungs .
Primary Biological Functions: The primary function of CA is to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO₂, which is vital for respiration and pH regulation . In the lungs, CA facilitates the conversion of CO₂ to bicarbonate, aiding in CO₂ transport from tissues to the lungs for exhalation .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: CA plays a role in maintaining the pH balance in various tissues, which is crucial for immune cell function and pathogen recognition . By regulating the local pH, CA can influence the activity of immune cells and the effectiveness of the immune response .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: CA interacts with various molecules and cells to maintain acid-base homeostasis. It catalyzes the conversion of CO₂ to bicarbonate and protons, which are then transported across cell membranes .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: CA binds to zinc ions at its active site, which is essential for its catalytic activity . The enzyme’s activity can influence downstream signaling pathways involved in pH regulation and ion transport .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: The expression and activity of CA are regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications . Various factors, such as pH, CO₂ levels, and hormonal signals, can influence CA expression .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Transcription factors and signaling molecules can modulate the expression of CA genes . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, can also affect the enzyme’s activity and stability .
Biomedical Research: CA is extensively studied in biomedical research due to its role in various physiological processes and diseases . Researchers are exploring CA inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for conditions like glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancer .
Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies: CA inhibitors, such as acetazolamide, are used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure . Additionally, CA is being investigated for its potential in cancer therapy, as certain isoforms are overexpressed in tumors .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: CA plays a critical role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease . During development, CA is involved in processes like bone formation and neural development . In aging, changes in CA activity can affect physiological functions and contribute to age-related diseases .
From Development to Aging and Disease: CA’s role in maintaining pH balance and facilitating CO₂ transport is essential for various stages of life . Dysregulation of CA activity can lead to conditions like osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders .