Kallikrein-11 Human Recombinant
Kallikrein-11, 4 Human Recombinant, Sf9
Produced in Sf9 insect cells, KLK11 is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 241 amino acids (19-250a.a.). It has a molecular mass of 26.7 kDa; however, its apparent size on SDS-PAGE is estimated to be between 28-40 kDa. This KLK11 protein is expressed with a 9-amino acid His tag at the C-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Insect cells.
Kallikrein-8 Mouse Recombinant
Kallikrein-1 Human Recombinant, HEK
KLK1 Human Recombinant, produced in HEK293 cells, is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 244 amino acids (Pro19-Ser262). It is expressed with a 6-amino acid His tag at the C-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Kallikrein-1 Human Recombinant, His Tag
Kallikrein-10 Human Recombinant
Kallikrein-10 Human Recombinant, Sf9
Recombinant KLK10, expressed in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus system, is a single polypeptide chain with glycosylation. It encompasses amino acids 34 to 276, totaling 252 amino acids, and possesses a molecular weight of 27.8 kDa. This protein is engineered with a 6-amino acid His-tag at its C-terminus to facilitate purification, which is achieved through standard chromatographic techniques.
Sf9, Baculovirus cells.
Kallikrein-2 Human Recombinant, sf9
Kallikrein-3 Human Recombinant, HEK
Recombinant human KLK3, produced in HEK cells, is a single-chain polypeptide. It undergoes glycosylation and consists of 250 amino acids (18-261 a.a), resulting in a molecular weight of 27.6 kDa.
For purification purposes, a 6-amino acid His-tag is fused to the C-terminus of KLK3, and proprietary chromatographic techniques are employed.
HEK293 Cells.
Kallikrein-3 Human
Native human Kallikrein-3, isolated from human seminal fluid, with an approximate molecular weight of 30 kDa.
Human seminal fluid.
A clear, sterile-filtered solution.
Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases, enzymes capable of cleaving peptide bonds in proteins. In humans, they are classified into two main types: plasma kallikrein and tissue kallikreins. Plasma kallikrein is encoded by the KLKB1 gene and has no known paralogue, while tissue kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) encode a family of fifteen closely related serine proteases . These genes are localized to chromosome 19q13, forming the largest contiguous cluster of proteases within the human genome .
Key Biological Properties: Kallikreins are involved in various physiological functions, including blood pressure regulation, semen liquefaction, and skin desquamation .
Expression Patterns and Tissue Distribution: Kallikreins are expressed in many tissues, including the prostate, breast, ovary, and testis . They are also found in biological fluids such as seminal plasma, breast milk, and cerebrospinal fluid . Some kallikreins have restricted expression patterns, while others are widely distributed across different tissues .
Primary Biological Functions: Kallikreins play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, semen liquefaction, and skin desquamation . They are also involved in the activation of inflammation and the regulation of electrolyte balance .
Role in Immune Responses and Pathogen Recognition: Kallikreins are implicated in immune responses by activating kinins, which are peptides responsible for inflammation and vasodilation . They also play a role in pathogen recognition by modulating the activity of immune cells .
Mechanisms with Other Molecules and Cells: Kallikreins interact with various molecules and cells through proteolytic cascades. For example, plasma kallikrein liberates kinins from kininogens, which regulate blood pressure and inflammation .
Binding Partners and Downstream Signaling Cascades: Kallikreins bind to kininogens to release kinins, which then activate B1 and B2 receptors, leading to downstream signaling cascades that regulate blood pressure, inflammation, and other physiological processes .
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Expression and Activity: Kallikrein expression is regulated by steroid hormones such as androgens, estrogens, and glucocorticoids . Their activity is controlled through zymogen activation, endogenous inhibitors like serpins, and internal (auto)cleavage leading to inactivation .
Transcriptional Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications: Kallikreins undergo transcriptional regulation by steroid hormones and post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, which affect their stability and activity .
Biomedical Research: Kallikreins are studied for their role in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders .
Diagnostic Tools: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA; KLK3) and human glandular kallikrein (hK2) are used as tumor markers for prostate cancer . Other kallikreins are emerging as biomarkers for ovarian and breast cancers .
Therapeutic Strategies: Kallikrein inhibitors are being developed for the treatment of hereditary angioedema and other inflammatory conditions . Recombinant tissue kallikrein is also being explored for therapeutic use in ischemic stroke and renal disease .
Role Throughout the Life Cycle: Kallikreins play a role in various stages of life, from development to aging and disease. They are involved in skin desquamation, seminal clot liquefaction, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases . Dysregulated kallikrein expression is associated with cancer progression and other age-related diseases .