Product List

PRKCI Human

Protein Kinase C Iota Human Recombinant

PRKCI Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a single, glycosylated, polypeptide chain (1-596 a.a) containing a total of 602 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 69kDa.
PRKCI is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus,and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT8521
Source

HEK293 Cells.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.

Introduction

Definition and Classification

Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that play a crucial role in various cellular processes by phosphorylating target proteins. PKC enzymes are activated by signals such as increases in the concentration of diacylglycerol (DAG) or calcium ions (Ca²⁺) . The PKC family consists of fifteen isozymes in humans, divided into three subfamilies based on their second messenger requirements: conventional (cPKCs), novel (nPKCs), and atypical (aPKCs) .

  • Conventional PKCs (cPKCs): Require Ca²⁺, DAG, and a phospholipid such as phosphatidylserine for activation. Isoforms include PKC-α, PKC-βI, PKC-βII, and PKC-γ.
  • Novel PKCs (nPKCs): Require DAG but not Ca²⁺ for activation. Isoforms include PKC-δ, PKC-ε, PKC-η, and PKC-θ.
  • Atypical PKCs (aPKCs): Require neither Ca²⁺ nor DAG for activation. Isoforms include PKC-ι and PKC-ζ .
Biological Properties

PKC enzymes exhibit diverse biological properties, including their expression patterns and tissue distribution. They are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues, with specific isoforms showing distinct expression profiles .

  • Expression Patterns: Different PKC isoforms are expressed in various tissues, including the brain, heart, liver, and immune cells .
  • Tissue Distribution: PKC isoforms are differentially distributed across tissues, contributing to their specific roles in cellular functions .
Biological Functions

PKC enzymes are involved in a wide range of biological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses .

  • Primary Biological Functions: PKC is involved in receptor desensitization, modulation of membrane structure, regulation of transcription, and mediation of immune responses .
  • Role in Immune Responses: PKC plays a critical role in the activation, proliferation, differentiation, and survival of immune cells .
  • Pathogen Recognition: PKC is involved in the recognition and response to pathogens, contributing to the immune defense mechanisms .
Modes of Action

PKC enzymes exert their effects through various mechanisms, including interactions with other molecules and cells, binding partners, and downstream signaling cascades .

  • Mechanisms with Other Molecules: PKC interacts with various proteins and lipids, modulating their activity and function .
  • Binding Partners: PKC binds to specific substrates and cofactors, facilitating its activation and function .
  • Downstream Signaling Cascades: PKC activation leads to the initiation of multiple signaling pathways, influencing cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis .
Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of PKC are tightly regulated through various mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications .

  • Transcriptional Regulation: The expression of PKC isoforms is regulated at the transcriptional level by various transcription factors and signaling pathways .
  • Post-Translational Modifications: PKC activity is modulated by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and other post-translational modifications, affecting its stability, localization, and function .
Applications

PKC has significant applications in biomedical research, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies .

  • Biomedical Research: PKC is studied extensively to understand its role in various cellular processes and diseases .
  • Diagnostic Tools: PKC activity and expression levels are used as biomarkers for certain diseases .
  • Therapeutic Strategies: PKC inhibitors and activators are being developed for the treatment of cancers, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infections .
Role in the Life Cycle

PKC plays a vital role throughout the life cycle, from development to aging and disease .

  • Development: PKC is involved in embryonic development and differentiation .
  • Aging: PKC activity and expression levels change with aging, influencing cellular functions and aging-related diseases .
  • Disease: Aberrations in PKC activity are associated with various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders .
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