GAD1 iso1 Human

Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Isoform-1 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human GAD1 iso1, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. It consists of 617 amino acids (with a sequence spanning from amino acid positions 1 to 594) and has a molecular weight of 69.3 kDa. The protein includes a 23 amino acid His-tag fused to the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT5849
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

GAD2 Human

Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human GAD2 is produced in SF9 insect cells. It is a glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 61 kDa. This recombinant protein contains a 6xHis tag at its N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT5926
Source
Sf9 insect cells.
Appearance
Clear, sterile, and filtered solution.

MVD Human

Mevalonate Decarboxylase Human Recombinant

This product consists of recombinant human MVD, produced in E. coli. It is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 420 amino acids (residues 1-400) and has a molecular weight of 45.6 kDa. The protein includes a 20 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT5989
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterile filtered.

ODC1 Human

Ornithine Decarboxylase 1 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human ODC1, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 484 amino acids (1-461) with a molecular weight of 53.5 kDa. It features a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT6045
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Clear, colorless solution, sterile-filtered.

PPCDC Human

Phosphopantothenoylcysteine Decarboxylase Human Recombinant

Produced in E. coli, our PPCDC is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 224 amino acids (1-204a.a.) with a molecular weight of 24.6 kDa. This protein is expressed with a 20 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT6090
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Sterile filtered, clear solution.

UROD Human

Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase Human Recombinant

Recombinant Human UROD, expressed in E. coli, is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 43 kDa. It consists of 387 amino acids, including a 20 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus (1-367 a.a.). The protein is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT6157
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
A clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

DDT Mouse

D-Dopachrome Tautomerase Mouse Recombinant

Recombinant DDT from Mouse has been expressed in E. coli. This non-glycosylated polypeptide consists of 141 amino acids (residues 1-118), resulting in a molecular weight of 15.5 kDa. A 23-amino acid His-tag is fused to the N-terminus of the protein. Purification is achieved through proprietary chromatographic methods.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT5646
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
Clear solution, sterile filtered.

Dopa Decarboxylase Human

Dopa Decarboxylase Human Recombinant

Recombinant human dopa decarboxylase, expressed in E. coli, is available as a purified, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. This single chain consists of 503 amino acids, including a 23 amino acid His Tag at the N-terminus, and has a molecular weight of 56.4 kDa. The purification process involves standard chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT5700
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Appearance
The product is a clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.

GAD1 Human

Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human GAD1, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain. This protein consists of 247 amino acids (residues 1-224) with a molecular weight of 27.7 kDa. The N-terminus of GAD1 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag. Purification is achieved using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT5780
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
Sterile, colorless solution.

AMD1 Human

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase 1 Human Recombinant

Recombinant human AMD1, expressed in E. coli, is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 33.4 kDa. It consists of 292 amino acids (residues 68-334). The protein includes a 25 amino acid His-tag fused at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Shipped with Ice Packs
Cat. No.
BT5493
Source
E.coli.
Appearance
A sterile, filtered, and colorless solution.
Definition and Classification

Decarboxylases, also known as carboxy-lyases, are enzymes that catalyze the removal of a carboxyl group from organic compounds, releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂). These enzymes are classified under the EC number 4.1.1 and are further categorized based on the substrate they act upon. For example, pyruvate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate . Other notable examples include aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, and histidine decarboxylase .

Biological Properties

Decarboxylases exhibit diverse biological properties, including specific expression patterns and tissue distribution. For instance, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases (AADCs) are ubiquitously found in higher organisms due to their role in synthesizing neurotransmitters and alkaloids . These enzymes are expressed in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and kidneys, and are involved in critical physiological processes .

Biological Functions

The primary biological functions of decarboxylases include the conversion of amino acids into neurotransmitters and other biologically active amines. For example, AADCs convert aromatic L-amino acids into monoamines such as dopamine and serotonin, which serve as major neurotransmitters in animals . Additionally, decarboxylases play a role in immune responses and pathogen recognition by participating in the synthesis of biogenic amines that modulate immune cell activity .

Modes of Action

Decarboxylases interact with other molecules and cells through various mechanisms. These enzymes often require cofactors such as pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) or pyruvic acid to facilitate the decarboxylation reaction . The binding of these cofactors to the enzyme’s active site enables the stabilization of reaction intermediates and the efficient conversion of substrates into products . Downstream signaling cascades triggered by the products of decarboxylase activity can influence cellular processes such as neurotransmission and metabolic regulation .

Regulatory Mechanisms

The expression and activity of decarboxylases are tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms. Transcriptional regulation involves the control of gene expression by transcription factors that respond to cellular signals . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, can modulate enzyme activity and stability . Additionally, feedback inhibition by the end products of decarboxylase reactions can fine-tune enzyme activity to maintain metabolic homeostasis .

Applications

Decarboxylases have significant applications in biomedical research, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies. In research, these enzymes are used to study metabolic pathways and the synthesis of neurotransmitters . Diagnostic tools leverage decarboxylase activity to detect metabolic disorders and monitor disease progression . Therapeutically, decarboxylase inhibitors are employed to treat conditions such as Parkinson’s disease by modulating neurotransmitter levels .

Role in the Life Cycle

Throughout the life cycle, decarboxylases play crucial roles in development, aging, and disease. During development, these enzymes are involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters that regulate neural differentiation and growth . In aging, changes in decarboxylase activity can impact cognitive function and metabolic health . In disease, dysregulation of decarboxylase activity is associated with neurological disorders, metabolic syndromes, and immune dysfunction .

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